最好的捐赠是长期捐赠
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section name="preview-1" style="-webkit-touch-callout:none;user-select:text;overflow: hidden;text-align: center;line-height: 0;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><font face="宋体" size="3"><br></font><br></section><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-shadow: none; line-height: 38.4px; visibility: visible;"><font size="3" style="" face="宋体"><br>导读</font></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: medium; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.544px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Foreword</span></p><section data-role="paragraph" data-width="87%" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-size-adjust: inherit;"><section data-role="paragraph" data-width="87%" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-size-adjust: inherit;<a href=" https:="" mmbiz.qpic.cn="" mmbiz="" yqvaqozvdibgublxicritib8ibkdvibutb43bks7ofjmvu9ucchu4cfdy93grlkhflwfaqjia1lrw9ajuburpib9ticesg="" 640?wx_fmt="jpeg" ""="" target="_blank"><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 32px;margin-right: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><br></font></p><section style="margin: 16px 32px 24px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: black;"><font size="3" face="宋体">本文以行动者的视角深入剖析了大额捐赠在推动社会正向变化中的重要作用，同时指出了现有的挑战，以及长期捐赠的必要性和优势。最后，作者呼吁行动者和慈善捐赠方针对根深蒂固的社会问题，做出同样大胆、长期的承诺，以实现真正的改变。</font></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px; margin-right: 32px; margin-left: 32px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><br></font></span></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178); letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><br></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 100%;height: auto;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></font></p><p style="margin-right: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-align: center;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">插图：祖赫拉·普卢默（Zuhura Plummer）</span><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">对于推动社会正向变化的慈善领域的捐赠方和执行方就大额捐赠的优缺点展开的深刻讨论，我们非常欣赏。“健康最后一英里”（Last Mile Health）和“女童教育”（Educate Girls）这两个组织有幸获得多笔大额捐赠，作为这两个组织的领导者，我们认为自己有责任加入这场讨论。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">首先，也是最重要的一点：我们不介意成为这种新颖的、大胆的慈善事业的“小白鼠”。我们想大声而明确地表达：<strong>在慈善领域，大额捐赠是好的，非常好的，而且具有真正能够促进变化的意义。</strong>我们的经验已经证明，大额捐赠能够带来真正的影响力增长。“健康最后一英里”于2018年开展的“大胆项目”（注：英文Audacious Project，该项目每年会为世界上最紧迫的社会问题选择并培育一系列大胆的解决方案，联合捐赠者进行资助。）和 2019 年的“共同影响”（Co-Impact）等大额捐赠项目帮助我们大幅提升了影响力：目前，我们已与多个非洲国家的政府开展合作，为超过1.6万名专业社区卫生工作者提供设备——他们正在改善近2000万人获得基础医疗服务的机会。90%的项目覆盖范围都是在“健康最后一英里”获得第一笔大额捐赠后实现的。对于“女童教育”，2019年的“大胆项目”等大额捐赠使我们的规模扩大了3倍，影响力扩大了6倍。在最初的十年中，我们动员了40 万失学女童，获得首笔大额捐赠后的五年中，我们成功动员了130万失学女童。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">与此同时，这两个组织在高速增长的过程中也为我们提供了启示，让我们意识到，<strong>若能延长大额捐赠的周期，使其与这些根深蒂固的社会问题更为适配，能够进一步增强大额捐赠的效果</strong>。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><h2 style="margin: 12pt 16px 0cm; break-after: auto; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><strong><span style="background: rgb(61, 167, 66); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1.充电挑战</span></strong><o:p></o:p></font></h2><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">我们认为这个比喻可以很好地解释“行动者”面临的困境。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">五年前，我们都在运营着不断发展壮大的组织，积累影响力，并逐年筹集到更多资金。我们想开拓新的领域，但能力有限，只能一点点向前走，当时我们的组织就像小汽车，由传统的内燃机和化石燃料驱动。当有机会申请大额捐赠时，使我们能够把组织转型为一种新型的车辆，<strong>利用新的能源在更大的范围内运作</strong>。这就好比<strong>从驾驶一辆小汽车到管理一支电动车队</strong>。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">随着数千万美元的注入，我们为这支新的电动车队提供了动力，并隆重地将其推出。我们的“大额捐赠”申请获得了新的资金支持，并迅速扩大组织规模以与之匹配——在新地点开设办事处，组建更大的团队，扩大与政府的合作关系，从而服务更多的人。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">然而，没有人告诉我们充电器不见了。当我们的车队上路行驶了几年后，我们意识到，<strong>没有现成的资金来源能够为有如此规模、复杂</strong></span><strong><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">程度、</span></strong><strong><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">影响力和</span></strong><strong><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雄心</span></strong><strong><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">的车队充电</span></strong><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">。大额捐赠社群与其说是在计划为我们的工作“充电”，不如说是在准备向一个同样没有充电器的世界<strong>派出另一支新的充电车队</strong>。</span><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">我们能更好地预见到这一点吗？也许吧。但我们的后见之明可以成为他人的先见之明，正如一亩基金（One Acre Fund）的马特·福尔蒂（Matt Forti）正确指出的那样，<strong>大额捐赠绝不能让行动者处于令人生畏的“资金悬崖”</strong>。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><h2 style="margin: 12pt 16px 0cm; break-after: auto; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><strong><span style="background: rgb(61, 167, 66); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2. 一厢情愿遮挡了我们的视线</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></h2><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">当前一系列大额捐赠的设计缺陷在于，捐赠者和受赠者倾向于以资本市场的视角来看待世界。我们都渴望成为“社会独角兽”，社会投资者也对我们施加了同样的压力。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">然而，独角兽毕竟只是一个神话。如果像风险投资者那样思考，社会影响力资助者会希望以一种能够让非营利组织开发新产品、拓展新市场，甚至收购其他组织的方式进行投资。与私营部门的投资一样，慈善领域的资助者也希望有另外的支付者存在，无论是其他资助者、政府还是非公开市场。当然，这也是我们的一厢情愿。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">然而，与私营企业不同的是，我们不销售产品或服务，而是实现权利：医疗保健权和受教育权。因此，我们认为<strong>成本不应成为物质贫困或边缘化群体获得这些权利的障碍</strong>，这意味着，<strong>对于那些获得并使用这些权利的人来说，我们的服务是免费的</strong>。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">与政府合作对于大规模解决问题至关重要，也是“健康最后一英里”和“女童教育”运营模式的核心。但我们逐渐认识到，这是一项需要耐心的工作。至少在短期内，大额度的支付方不会立即从慈善大额捐赠转向政府支持。更现实的做法是，通过公众筹款、持续的慈善支持，以及大型援助机构的新资金（如双边和多边援助机构的资助），建立我们所需的“充电网络”，使这些资金用于长期推动这项工作。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><h2 style="margin: 12pt 16px 0cm; break-after: auto; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><span style="background: rgb(61, 167, 66); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>3. 我们最好的捐赠是长期捐赠</strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></h2><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">对于数十亿人无法获得最基本的医疗卫生服务，或印度数百万女童无法接受教育等问题，没有快速的解决方案。为社区卫生工作者或一线教育者等提供经济支持需要长达数十年的承诺。但我们已做好迎接挑战的准备。如果我们作为行动者愿意对我们的服务者（儿童、母亲、家庭）做出长达十年的承诺，那么我们<strong>需要慈善捐赠方做出同样大胆的承诺</strong>。<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="3" face="宋体">我们该如何更好地进行“大额捐赠”呢？<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">答案很简单。</span><strong><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">延长捐赠周期</span></strong><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">，<strong>并在同一项目上多次捐赠</strong>。耐心资本和长期支持是最具前瞻性的捐赠，因为这将带来持续的改变。如果我们能够转变思维方式，规划更为长期的行动者与捐赠者合作，并基于成功的结果进行再投资（以严格的监测和评估为后盾），那么我们就有更大的机会让地方政府和社区有能力满足自身的需求，摆脱困境，实现真正的改变，造福世界。</span><span style="color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><span style="color: black;"></span></font></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><br></font></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><em><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><font size="3" face="宋体">詹姆斯·纳德拉是“健康最后一英里”的首席项目官，此前曾担任斯科尔基金会投资（Skoll Foundation）高级项目和投资经理。</font></span></em></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><em><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><font size="3" face="宋体">马哈希·瓦伊什纳夫是“女童教育”的首席执行官。他在印度生活并工作了十多年，一直在该组织担任领导职务。</font></span></em></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><br></font></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><br></font></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><em><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><font size="3" face="宋体">来源：《斯坦福社会创新评论》英文网站2024年9月24日</font></span></em></span></p><p class="js_darkmode__115" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><font size="3" face="宋体"><em><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;">原标题：</span></em><em><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;">Our Best Bet Is a Long Bet</span></em></font></span></p><p class="js_darkmode__115" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><em style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178); letter-spacing: 0.578px;"></em></font></p><section class="js_darkmode__115" style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><font size="3" face="宋体"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 12pt;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: "Helvetica Neue";caret-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;"></span></font></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-right: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-size-adjust: inherit; line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-right: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 16px; cursor: text; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); vertical-align: inherit; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Arial, sans-serif; max-inline-size: 100%; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;caret-color: red;cursor: text;color: rgb(71, 71, 71);font-size: 50px;max-inline-size: 100%;"><br></strong></span></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="display: none;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="display: none;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="display: none;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="display: none;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section></section><section style="display: none;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p></div><p></p>
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