王思斌专栏丨社会工作为何能激发和增强社会活力
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display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; border-top: 2px solid rgb(82, 82, 82); line-height: 25px; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: inherit; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 19px; visibility: visible; color: rgb(217, 33, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(217, 33, 66); letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">社会工作本土化建构</strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(82, 82, 82); width: 40px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: inherit; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 1.5em; visibility: visible; margin-top: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">加强和真正做好协商性治理和服务型治理<span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; display: none; line-height: 0px;"></span></span></p></section><section data-width="100%" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin-top: -30px; margin-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; text-align: right; visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;display: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 80px !important;height: auto !important;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor" style="visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">党的二十届三中全会以进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化为主题，就全面推进社会主义现代化国家建设的重大问题，进一步明确了方向和战略指引。全会指出，要全面贯彻新发展理念，进一步解放和发展社会生产力、激发和增强社会活力，更加注重系统集成，推动国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，并且将坚持系统观念作为深化改革的一项重要原则，这些对于党的社会工作的发展具有重要指导意义。因为，社会领域的有序治理是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要基础，社会领域的有序和活力是整个社会活力的重要组成部分。<strong>社会工作通过协同和服务等方式促进基层社会治理，可以增强社会领域的积极活力；通过服务和发展可以增进人民群众的社会福祉，进而为增强社会活力打下深层基础。</strong></span></section><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="122446" style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="width: 45px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 45px;display: block;"></span></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">党的十八大以来，党中央对加强和创新社会治理给予了重点关注。一方面建立起社会治理的理念以代替传统的硬性的社会管理，另一方面对社会体制改革做了系统性安排。从国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的角度看，我国社会治理体制改革的探索和推进力度是前所未有的，成效也得到一定显现。但是，基层社会领域的社会活力激发还存在着一些亟待解决的问题。比如，在某些地方，在与群众的基本生活密切相关的生产生活领域，基层治理的强力失据管控事件屡有发生。一些地方政府工作人员在政绩考核政策压力下，执行政策形式主义化，追求表面政绩。群众对之缺少正面评价，也不利于群众社会积极性和社会活力的发挥。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">党的社会工作部门及系统的建立，通过系统重构，为了解群众意见和需求，化解基层社会矛盾，增进群众对基层社会事务的参与和管理，解决群众的某些急难愁盼问题，提供了制度性框架。同时，<strong>党的社会工作部门及系统在建立和初步发挥功能的过程中，也应注意将强化基层社会治理同增强群众参与的积极性、发挥社会活力、促进基层社会发展和人的发展有机结合起来。</strong>在这方面，党的社会工作不但要重视通过党建强化对基层社会的组织和动员，而且要重视发挥群众的积极参与精神和服务群众。用社会治理方面的话语来说，就是<strong>要加强和真正做好协商性治理和服务型治理。</strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">在开放的现代社会，社会活力的激发、群众社会活力的积极发挥来自他们的主人翁意识和主体身份认同，来自他们需求的被了解、被重视，来自他们在生产生活遇到困难时得到帮助和通过共同努力得以解决。这些都与党和政府惠民政策的切实实施，对群众首创精神及其主体性的承认，对所遇生产生活困难的帮助和参与式解决，对群众的尊重和群众能力及能力感的提升直接相关。也就是说，<strong>基层社会活力的激发和增强，社会发展和人的发展，需要对群众及具体的社会成员的组织、尊重和服务，需要为群众搭建发挥和增强其内在活力的社会空间。对此，党的社会工作大有可为。</strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">党的社会工作部门和系统建立后，党的社会工作的职能系统不断完善，各地结合当地实际，找准各项工作有效开展的介入点和发展极。加强党建，走基层，接近和深入群众，听取和征集群众意见，鼓励群众有序参与，成为各级党的社会工作部门的基础性行动。在搭成基本架构的基础上，社会工作部门应深入做好了解群众意愿和建议、协助群众解决所遇困难、组织动员群众参与基层社会治理和社会建设方面的工作。<strong>要增强群众的社会归属感、主体意识和社会责任感、被尊重感和尊严感、能力感和参与社会建设的成就感。</strong>这样，就会把组织动员群众、激发和增强其内在社会活力与促进社会发展有机结合起来。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">社会工作是做人的工作，是服务有需要人群和为人的发展创造条件的工作。党的二十届三中全会指出，要健全社会工作体制机制，加强党建引领基层治理，加强社会工作者队伍建设，推动志愿服务体系建设。在进一步全面深化改革，推进中国式现代化的新进程中，社会工作部门和各部门的社会工作、社工机构和社会工作者应该有现实的高政治站位，提高专业能力，激发和增强基层社会活力，为中国式现代化新发展做出应有的贡献。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.6em;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">（作者系北京大学社会学系教授、</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">博士生导师；</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">中国社会工作教育协会名誉会长，中国社会工作学会会长）</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">来源：《中国社会工作》2024年8月上刊，转载请注明来源和作者</span></p></section><section style="outline: 0px; 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