胡小军专栏丨社区慈善组织培育的实践路径与策略方法
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90650" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 24px;"><section style="padding: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: flex-start; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><section data-width="40%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 40%; visibility: visible;"><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;display: block;width: 213px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;height: auto !important;"></span></section></section><section data-width="60%" style="margin-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 60%; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 328.731px; line-height: 1.5em; visibility: visible;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; border-top: 2px solid rgb(82, 82, 82); line-height: 25px; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: inherit; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 19px; visibility: visible; color: rgb(217, 33, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(217, 33, 66); letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">社区慈善观察</strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(82, 82, 82); width: 40px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋体, SimSun; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><strong><strong style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong><strong>充分尊重<strong style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><strong style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">社区慈善组织的</span></strong></strong>自愿性、民间性、自治性</strong></strong></span></strong></strong></span></span></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; text-align: right; visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 80px !important;height: auto !important;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor" style="visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">今年10月，《中华人民共和国慈善法（修正草案）》面向社会公开征求意见。其中，草案特别规定，国家鼓励发展社区慈善事业，支持有条件的地方设立社区慈善组织、加强社区志愿者队伍建设；鼓励社区与社会组织、社会工作者、社区志愿者、社会慈善资源建立联动机制开展慈善活动。</span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);">社区慈善组织是我国社区社会组织的重要组成部分。</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);">近年来，国家及地方陆续出台了一系列促进社区社会组织发展的政策措施，社区慈善组织发展的制度环境不断优化，分类管理和培育扶持体系进一步健全完善。</span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">社区慈善组织是指由本社区为主的居民、法人和其他组织自愿发起，以社区为主要活动区域，以开展慈善活动为宗旨的非营利性社会组织。整体来看，社区慈善组织大多不具备法人资格，规模较小、组织架构简单、业务相对单一，这也决定了社区慈善组织的培育工作需要在充分尊重社会组织自愿性、民间性、自治性等基本原则的基础上，思考和探寻合适的路径和方式。国内一些地区在社区慈善组织培育方面的探索与实践主要呈现如下四方面的特点和趋向：</span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: normal;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="width: 35px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 34.995px;display: block;"></span></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"></span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-shadow: none;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第一</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">，<strong>推动设立社区基金会或社区慈善基金，为社区慈善组织的成长和发展提供本地资源支持。</strong>上海、深圳、成都等地成立的社区基金会在其业务范围表述中，均将“培育和扶持社区自组织、社区志愿服务团队”或“资助社区社会组织开展社区活动”作为一项重要内容。此外，很多地区正在积极推动社区慈善基金的设立。例如，《山东省社区慈善基金设立运行指引（试行）》明确将“支持培育孵化社区社会组织，资助社区社会组织开展公益活动”作为慈善基金的重点使用方向之一。</span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第二</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">，举办“社区公益微创投”等活动，通过项目资助，支持社区慈善组织开展多样化的项目及服务。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">社区治理的问题因社区而异，社区公益创投是一种将社区需求、公益项目、社区慈善组织、社会资源等有机连接起来的公益支持模式。近年来，很多地区整合政府、企业、社会等多方资源，通过公益创投或项目大赛等方式，开展小额资助，支持社区慈善组织开展丰富多样的服务，带动社区成员参与社区建设，实现社区慈善组织培育与社区服务的结合。</span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第三</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">，<strong>加强基层枢纽型社会组织建设，为社区慈善组织提供人才培养、财务代管、资源对接等支持。</strong>社区慈善组织的规模普遍较小，大多没有专职工作人员，组织运作及工作开展需得到多方支持。其中，基层枢纽型、支持型社会组织在社区慈善组织培育中能够扮演关键角色。例如，广东省在民政事业发展“十四五”规划中提出，力争到2025年底，全省每个乡镇（街道）至少有1个枢纽型社区社会组织。当前，建立在乡镇（街道）层级的社区社会组织联合会、社会工作与志愿服务协会等枢纽型组织立足地方实际，不同程度地发挥了联系服务、专业支持等作用和功能。</span></section><p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第四</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">，<strong>依托社区服务设施，建立社区慈善综合服务平台，为社区慈善组织等社会力量开展慈善服务提供阵地。</strong>一些地区依托社区各类服务设施，建立社区慈善工作站、社区慈善空间、社区慈善超市等平台，一方面可面向社区外部，通过平台对接社会慈善资源，引入专业慈善力量；另一方面可面向社区内部，促进社区多主体协作，建立供需精准匹配机制，支持社区慈善组织更好地融入社区治理体系。</span></p><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="123582" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="width: 35px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section></section><p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1.5px;">为更好地促进社区慈善组织发展，笔者提出如下建议：一是在政策制定中，对社区慈善组织的具体形式不做过多限定，赋予基层更大的自主性和灵活性；二是完善社区慈善组织登记、备案等相关管理制度，简化办事程序，降低运作成本；三是大力发展社区志愿服务，开发和实施更多参与门槛低、体验感和互动性强的社区志愿服务项目；四是搭建形式多样的“家门口”慈善平台，有效整合社区慈善资源，提升慈善服务效能。最后，社区慈善组织培育是一个长期的过程，在起步阶段，政府的引导非常重要。建议有条件的地区设立社区慈善事业引导资金，通过公益创投、项目扶持、机构奖励等方式，支持社区慈善组织在基层治理中发挥更大的作用。</span></p><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"></span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;"></span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;"></span></section><section style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;caret-color: red;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 16px;">（作者系广州社会组织研究院执行院长，广东省民政智库专家，广州市社会工作协会副会长）</span></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">来源：《中国社会工作》2023年11月下刊，转载请注明来源和作者</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90215" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-width="100%" hm_fix="256:391" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 676.998px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(114, 114, 114); 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textvalue="胡小军专栏丨社区公益创投模式的优化与创新" linktype="text" imgurl="" imgdata="null" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></a><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NDM4MjM4OA==&mid=2650354734&idx=1&sn=57ea459a2ee8b2b0af1354b19240368e&chksm=be85037589f28a638629ec66687c6e1901cc55b72292a60828c1b6e188c5f2bf58f152f15d10&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="胡小军专栏丨企业力量如何助推社区公益创新？" linktype="text" imgurl="" imgdata="null" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2"></a><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NDM4MjM4OA==&mid=2650341976&idx=1&sn=2dd47a9fd7047d1b3416528fe3215d59&chksm=be85350389f2bc15192ea1b9ccc72456279ade182143dc54a68538d0733c6754802ef37eda4e&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="胡小军专栏丨社会慈善资源动员的主要趋势与实践策略" linktype="text" imgurl="" imgdata="null" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 16px;">胡小军专栏丨社会慈善资源动员的主要趋势与实践策略</a><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NDM4MjM4OA==&mid=2650354734&idx=1&sn=57ea459a2ee8b2b0af1354b19240368e&chksm=be85037589f28a638629ec66687c6e1901cc55b72292a60828c1b6e188c5f2bf58f152f15d10&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="胡小军专栏丨企业力量如何助推社区公益创新？" linktype="text" imgurl="" imgdata="null" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" style="font-size: 16px;" data-linktype="2"></a><br><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NDM4MjM4OA==&mid=2650348445&idx=1&sn=4af11716034ca93e75f7d30fe1b68806&chksm=be852cc689f2a5d084a7882ee12342dfc72af8d8afb68b05fedcf84d6d3554a955e57cc0f609&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="胡小军专栏丨社区公益创投模式的优化与创新" linktype="text" imgurl="" imgdata="null" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 16px;"></a></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-role="paragraph" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90215" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-role="paragraph" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-role="paragraph" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90215" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86032" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5em;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); display: inline-block;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">END</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: -12px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px dashed rgb(33, 33, 34); width: 577.879px; border-right-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); border-left-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); height: 1px; overflow: hidden;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: left; vertical-align: inherit; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: 宋体; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important;">责编：徐蕴</span></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">制作：谢霄</span></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">审校：夏学娟</span></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">审核：许娓</span></section><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin-top: -12px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px dashed rgb(33, 33, 34); width: 676.998px; border-right-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); border-left-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); height: 1px; overflow: hidden;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; vertical-align: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「中国社会工作」，搜索「china_socialwork」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/peWCEdhD22u1AZDGuwk-rw">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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