胡小军专栏丨社区公益创投模式的优化与创新
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90650" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 24px;"><section style="padding: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: flex-start; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><section data-width="40%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 40%; visibility: visible;"><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;display: block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 213px;height: 265px;"></span></section></section><section data-width="60%" style="margin-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 60%; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 328.731px; line-height: 1.5em; visibility: visible;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; border-top: 2px solid rgb(82, 82, 82); line-height: 25px; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: inherit; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 19px; visibility: visible; color: rgb(217, 33, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(217, 33, 66); letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">社区慈善观察</strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(82, 82, 82); width: 40px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋体, SimSun; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 15px;">培育社区公益力量</span></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; text-align: right; visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;display: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 80px !important;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor" style="visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">“公益创投”一词本意是指借鉴风险投资的理念和方式，通过对创新性的社会公益实践提供“种子资金”、管理技术、能力建设、资源链接等多方面的支持，促进社会问题的有效解决，激发社会创新活力。</span></p><section data-role="splitline" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="110476"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-around;align-items: center;"><section style="width: 35px;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section><section style="width: 35px;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section><section style="width: 35px;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">随着我国社会治理工作的深入推进，为了促进社会多元力量参与基层治理，培育社区社会组织，各地开展的社区公益创投实践正在增多。综合来看，当前开展的社区公益创投活动具有这些共性特征：</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">一是以资助实施具体的社区公益项目为主，资助组织成长或个人公益行动的实践较少。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">当前的社区公益创投活动大都遵循类似的程序，即创投活动的主办方发布项目申报公告，明确申报主体的资格要求及资助领域——在项目申报结束后组织评审，遴选和确定要资助的具体项目——根据项目实施进展，对资助资金的使用、项目达成的实际成效等进行评估。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">二是项目申报主体以社会组织为主。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">社会组织分为在民政部门登记注册的社会组织和不具备独立法人资格的社区社会组织两类。实践中，基于社区多元共治的理念，有些创投活动对申报主体的类别进行了拓展，除了各类社会组织外，居（村）民委员会、企业等其他社会主体也可参与项目申报。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">三是创投资金以地方政府投入为主。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">公益创投契合政府财政体制改革及职能转变方向，因此，各级政府将公益创投作为一种新的资源配置方式进行推广。与政府资金的投入规模相比，以社会资金为主且持续开展的社区公益创投活动仍不多见。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">社区公益创投作为一种新的实践模式，致力于资助社会组织等多元主体基于社区实际需求，策划设计和组织实施各类社区公益项目，助力解决群众急难愁盼问题。可以说，通过这一模式，不仅引导更多资源下沉社区，而且促进了社区服务主体的多元化，能为社区成员提供多样化、精准化、精细化的服务。然而，在看到创投模式优势的同时，也要关注实践中存在的问题和挑战，例如创投资金对社区内外资源的撬动不足；资助项目的短期化特征明显，项目持续性相对缺乏；资助项目管理方式与政府购买服务趋同，制约了社会组织主体性的发挥，等等。</span></p><section data-role="splitline" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="110476"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-around;align-items: center;"><section style="width: 35px;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section><section style="width: 35px;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section><section style="width: 35px;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">基于上述观察和思考，笔者提出如下优化建议：</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第一，进一步明晰社区公益创投的定位和目的。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">在强调创投在创新资源配置方式、丰富社区公益服务供给等方面功能价值的同时，应将“培育社区公益力量”作为创投的重要目的。因此，建议有条件的地区探索开展以培育社区社会组织成长、支持在地公益行动者为主题的创投活动。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第二，引入更多社会资金投入社区公益创投活动。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">以政府资金为主的创投，对申报主体的资质以及资金的使用范围、支出进度、财务审计等有着严格的限定和要求，资源的“刚性”较强，不具备独立法人资格的社区社会组织或一些探索型、长期性的社区公益项目可能难以满足条件而不能获得支持。对此，建议充分发挥社区基金会、社区慈善基金等资源载体作用，搭建社会资源与社区社会组织、社区公益项目的对接平台，引入更多社会“活性”资源，与政府资金形成互补。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第三，建立基于信任的社区公益创投资助和管理体系。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">社区公益创投项目的资助金额一般较小，项目实施主体也大多是中小型社会组织。建议简化项目申报流程，避免简单套用政府购买服务项目管理和考核评估办法，构建以信任为基础的赋能型项目资助管理体系，支持社会组织等社区多元主体在参与社区建设、服务社区居民的同时，实现自身的成长和可持续发展。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">第四，加强制度建设、提供政策保障。</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1.5px;">建议各地结合实际，加强社区公益创投活动的制度化建设，科学把握公益创投的本质属性与特点规律，为创投活动的有效开展提供稳定可预期的政策保障，更好发挥社区公益创投在推动社区治理创新中的独特作用，建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社区治理共同体。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;caret-color: red;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 16px;">（作者系广州社会组织研究院执行院长，广东省民政智库专家，广州市社会工作协会副会长）</span></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.6em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">来源：《中国社会工作》2023年5月下刊，转载请注明来源和作者</span></p><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90215" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-width="100%" hm_fix="256:391" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 676.998px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(114, 114, 114); letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">往期推荐</strong></section><section style="margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 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!important;">责编：颜小钗</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">制作：谢霄</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">审校：汪昊<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">审核：闫薇</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin-top: -12px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px dashed rgb(33, 33, 34); width: 676.998px; border-right-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); border-left-color: rgb(33, 33, 34); height: 1px; overflow: hidden;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; vertical-align: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; vertical-align: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 40, 33); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: PingFangSC-Ultralight; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在这里，了解社会工作全行业发展</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; vertical-align: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 40, 33); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: PingFangSC-Ultralight; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">喜欢本文，就点击右下角“赞”和“在看”吧！</strong></span></strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: justify; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「中国社会工作」，搜索「china_socialwork」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/wnT8eWrGF8nKaAIPvO69bQ">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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