孩子为何会抑郁？如何及时发现？怎样区分抑郁前兆和青春期的正常情绪波动？
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span>前不久</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">因精神压力大而自杀的</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">农村中学生胡鑫宇</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">受到社会的广泛关注</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">在近年来的媒体报道中</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">农村中学生因为严重心理问题</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">而离家出走</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">甚至是自残自杀的案例时有发生</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">那么</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">如何防范孩子走向抑郁？</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">抑郁症和抑郁情绪有什么关联？</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">怎样区分抑郁前兆</section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">和青春期的正常情绪波动？<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;height: auto !important;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;line-height: normal;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">针对这些问题</span><br></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">由伊利集团冠名播出的</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">《三农三人谈》邀请</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span>北京大学第六医院副院长、</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">国家精神心理疾病临床医学</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">研究中心副主任</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong>岳伟华</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span>清华大学博士后、</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">资深教育工作者、</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">元认知心理干预技术</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">学术委员会委员</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong>李纪红</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 17px;">做客演播室</span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 17px;">为大家做专业的解读</span></p><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 17px;"><br></span></section><section class="channels_iframe_wrp wxw_wechannel_card_not_horizontal"><mpvideosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_iframe videosnap_video_iframe" data-pluginname="videosnap" data-id="export/UzFfAgtgekIEAQAAAAAAibA0dSpmxQAAAAstQy6ubaLX4KHWvLEZgBPE_oMAfjJVJsCAzNPgMIuuqolU8Hj2WTaUtHD880wP" data-url="https://findermp.video.qq.com/251/20304/stodownload?encfilekey=rjD5jyTuFrIpZ2ibE8T7YmwgiahniaXswqzyUkVtVDJ3EQXhJ4g33mibkr6hxQbYpebBpPJLiaxC0LlygYC8sw8ibrj21cNloQJJF2NEGUdnPVwk7UzgXRapI7Lw&adaptivelytrans=0&bizid=1023&dotrans=0&hy=SH&idx=1&m=&scene=0&token=x5Y29zUxcibD2UIpadfY7zH4LUgyanlnb3C99iaqrgcdsKM34u29GkAdiaJeORecVfzGWl5tIEjodI" data-headimgurl="http://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/A7sq8BD8oexBYZowJOmZHEA7UGSeaHNwH6RK58vP3Jj9aiagmbe9GUw/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c7e58b11c2d6cb06e536b0776a6555e72f9e7ae90832a5518cf6cf5a@finder" data-nickname="农视网" data-desc="三农三人谈《孩子，你为什么抑郁？（上）" data-nonceid="16815353772915590045" data-type="video" data-authiconurl="https://dldir1v6.qq.com/weixin/checkresupdate/icons_filled_channels_authentication_enterprise_a2658032368245639e666fb11533a600.png" data-width="1080" data-height="2096"></mpvideosnap></section><section style="clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 完整视频<br data-filtered="filtered" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important;">《</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">三农三人谈 |孩子，你为什么抑郁？（上）</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">》</span></section><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><section style="text-align: left; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><p style="font-size: 16px;"><br></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(52, 110, 183);text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><strong>为什么出现心理疾病的孩子似乎越来越多？</strong></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: justify;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 28.8984px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 28.8984px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;margin-bottom: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="text-align: center;"></span>现如今的生活、学习条件越来越好了，为什么有心理疾病的孩子似乎越来越多了？</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;"><strong>北京大学第六医院副院长、<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">国家精神心理疾病临床医学</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">研究中心副主任 </span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">岳伟华：</span></strong></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.75;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818433416139407361</section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">在门诊上经常会碰到家长带着孩子来做心理访谈，这些孩子出现一些心理问题有多方面原因。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">①</span><strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">生物学</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">因素。</span></strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">即遗传因素，占30%到40%的作用。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">②<strong>环境因素。</strong>即家庭支持、教养方式、人际互动等，占60%到70%的作用。随着社会经济的发展，这些孩子会面临学业压力、人际之间互动减少、师生关系、家庭教养方式、亲子沟通问题等一系列环境诱发因素。</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">孩子缺乏有效的疏通和沟通方式，也会导致苦闷情绪憋在心里，没有办法有效地释放。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">③<strong>复杂因素</strong>。社会发展到现在，大众对心理知识的掌握</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">更多了，家长带着孩子来就诊的情况也相对多一些。我们经常说抑郁是一种“心灵感冒” ，是一种常见病，但是它是可治、可防的。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><br></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(52, 110, 183);text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><strong>抑郁症和抑郁情绪有什么关联？</strong></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;text-align: justify;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 28.8984px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 28.8984px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;margin-bottom: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">如何界定抑郁症？抑郁症和抑郁情绪之间有什么联系？</span></p><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong>清华大学博士后、元认知心理干预技术学术委员会委员 <strong>李纪红</strong></strong><strong>：</strong></section><p style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><strong></strong></strong></span></strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;"></strong></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818433727641976833</section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.75; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">从抑郁情绪发展到抑郁症有一个缓慢发展的过程，需要一定时间。很多孩子包括成年人在遇到一些事情的时候，由于他们当时的认知水平或者调节能力不足以应对这件事情给他带来的压力，可能会处于一个抑郁状态。在这种抑郁状态下，如果能够及时补充上他所欠缺的知识，或者有外界的陪伴，帮助他跨越情绪状态的话，他的抑郁状态就会随之消失。但是如果他的状态没有被大家关注到或者重视起来，抑郁状态就会伴随着他。在这种抑郁状态下，他们往往容易钻牛角尖，带着这样的情绪处理工作、学习中的问题时，他也会感觉自己能力欠缺了。这实际上是因为心情过度焦虑，导致认知水平和处理事情的能力下降了。这是一个“一过性”的状况，但是它往往会“滚雪球”，使他感觉自己的状态越来越糟糕。随着时间的发展，外部的支持不足以达到让他能够提升上来的水平时，他就逐渐进入抑郁的症状。</section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">抑郁症是有一些表现的，比如对自我认知的评价变得非常低。抑郁症伴随着思想奔逸，我们叫灾难化思维，就是越想事情越糟糕，最后会出现一些极端的思想，会觉得生无可恋。</section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">我们在<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">医学判断上有综合的量表，就是让孩子回答问题，通过得分来判断孩子现在处于什么状态。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="text-align: left;"></span><strong style="text-align: left;">北京大学第六医院副院长、<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">国家精神心理疾病临床医学</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">研究中心副主任 </span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">岳伟华：</span></strong></strong></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818434719192219651</section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.75; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">抑郁症的三大核心症状为情绪低落、兴趣减退、意志活动减退，同时还会伴有失眠早醒、食欲下降、自我评价下降，甚至自罪、悲观、有自杀的念头或者行为等一系列问题，影响工作、学习和交往的社会功能。持续两周以上才考虑它是临床上需要诊断为抑郁症的情况。</section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">作为精神心理科医生，我们也会有焦虑紧张的时候。运动员上场的时候会做一些深呼吸，其实也是焦虑的状态。焦虑是一个种群在进化过程当中的一个保护机制，要是完全低迷、不焦虑，容易处在危险的境地，这是在人类进化过程中产生的心理保护机制。但是如果过度焦虑，影响了生活，比如坐立不安，或者感觉有不良事件马上要降临，就是一种过度的焦虑情绪，这种就一定要到精神科就诊。</span><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">现在网络比较发达，孩子们接触网络的机会也是越来越多了。那么，网络有助于情绪的排解，还是更容易让我们产生抑郁情绪？</span></p><p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><strong>清华大学博士后、<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">元认知心理干预技术学术委员会委员 </span><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">李纪红</strong></strong><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">：</strong></strong></span></strong></strong></span></strong></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: 10px 0%;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; margin-left: -5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: left; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818436135407353857</section><section style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.75; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">利弊都有，但是弊大于利。尤其是青少年的认知水平还不是很成熟，他们对于网络中海量信息的筛选和甄别能力比较差。焦虑是人的保护机制，在遇到一些事情的时候，这种焦虑的情绪是自然而然产生的。假设我们在焦虑的时候去上网搜索海量信息，很多单向思维就产生了，和自己现在的情绪状态接近的信息会更容易被看到、被认可。再加上大数据的推送，会不断地加强认知，孩子上网以后更容易判断自己是不是抑郁了，再搜索一下抑郁的灾难性结果，他们就越想越害怕了。<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><section style="text-align: left; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(52, 110, 183);text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong><strong>如何及时发现孩子出现抑郁问题？</strong></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; margin-right: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;">抑郁症最初的时候有一定隐蔽性，这时家长怎样及时发现孩子可能出现了心理问题？</span></section><p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify;"><br></p><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><strong style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><strong style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><strong>北京大学第六医院副院长、<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">国家精神心理疾病临床医学</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">研究中心副主任 </span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">岳伟华：</span></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></span></strong></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: 10px 0%;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; margin-left: -5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: left; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818436321936441347</section><section style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.75; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">抑郁症早期的孩子有一些迹象，比如性格改变、不爱出门、不跟人交往、注意力下降、睡眠和饮食发生了一些变化，甚至一些孩子表现为身体上的症状，比如头痛导致学不下去，还有的孩子之前可以参加一些家庭聚会，现在却特别不爱出门了。这些现象提醒家长要提前发现。大概50%以上的孩子会跟老师、家长、同学诉说来主动求助，但是46%的孩子不会主动求助。一旦有孩子主动说出来，或者比较敏感的家长细心地观察到了孩子的变化，一定要去先咨询一下，看看有没有这些相关的问题，必要的话要到专科医院就诊。 <br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;">清华大学博士后、元认知心理干预技术学术委员会委员 李纪红：</span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; text-align: left;"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;height: auto !important;"></span></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.75; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">一些特殊时期，家长也要稍微敏感一下，比如孩子进入一个新的环境时，往往面对的挑战比较大。这个时候很多孩子会有应对不足的情况，像失眠、食欲下降、头痛恶心、鼻炎、学习障碍等身体上的反应，这些都和孩子的焦虑情绪过高有极强的联系，家长要密切关注。 <span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">抑郁的孩子有没有可能表现为情绪正常，甚至乐呵呵的？</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify;"><br></section><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong>北京大学第六医院副院长、国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心副主任 岳伟华：</strong></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818437179403173893</section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.75;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">我们称之为微笑型抑郁或阳光型抑郁，但是在医学上一般称之为隐匿性抑郁。有些孩子本身就比较内向，不太爱表达自己的情绪，不会去主动地把自己内心的痛苦、纠结展示出来，保持一种社交的微笑其实也是他心理的保护机制。这种情况男孩比较多见。一些有比较强烈自杀观念的孩子也会有这样的表现，因为他已经下决心要告别这个世界了，就先把美好的一面留给大家，这种表现的人群自杀风险比较高。但是，相当一部分孩子只是伪装出来的坚强或者亲和，如果一旦有过分的、不自然的微笑，一定要高度关注、特别留心。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong>清华大学博士后、元认知心理干预技术学术委员会委员 李纪红：</strong></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;height: auto !important;"></span></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.75;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">这样的孩子外人看上去非常阳光，但是他在说话的时候可能会有一些怨怼，甚至一些比较极端的想法，尤其是对人际关系和对周围同学、老师的看法，这时父母特别需要注意。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="color: rgb(52, 110, 183);text-align: justify;">怎样区分抑郁前兆和青春期的正常情绪波动？</strong></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-right: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 28.8906px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 28.8906px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 205px;border-color: rgb(199, 174, 144) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(255, 243, 237) rgb(199, 174, 144);background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;margin-bottom: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(52, 110, 183);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">怎样判断抑郁前兆的反应和青春期正常情绪波动之间的关系？<br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong>清华大学博士后、元认知心理干预技术学术委员会委员 李纪红：</strong></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818437588381368321</section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.75;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">青春期的孩子确实容易情绪波动，这是青春期生理的一个特点。青春期的情绪波动是不泛化的，开心和焦虑都会有，但是他不是对所有的事都是一样的情绪状态。今天他跟同学在一块嘻嘻哈哈的，回家以后面对严厉的父母一下子就烦了，这种不用担心，是青春期的逆反。但是如果发现孩子对老师、同学、家长的心境状态都低落了，对整个的世界的看法都变得消极了，这个时候家长就要注意了。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;">在医学上有没有判断方法呢？<br></section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong>北京大学第六医院副院长、国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心副主任 岳伟华：</strong><br></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818438106344357889</section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.75;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">一个是抑郁的筛查问卷，叫做PHQ-9，有关于情绪是否低落，有没有悲观、失眠、早醒、食欲下降、体重下降、动力不足等9个问题，很快就能筛选出轻、中、重症状级别。<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">还有一种叫</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">GAD-7</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">，</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">是一个广泛焦虑障碍的</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">自我评估</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">量表，</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">反映了他是否有坐立不安</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">、</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">紧张、</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">心慌、</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">躯体</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">症状等</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">抑郁症的诊断是非常严谨的，主要的三大症状要达到两周以上。有些孩子先天心理弹性不足，比如同样的孩子碰到了丢钱、失恋、校园霸凌等事情可能没有特别强烈的情绪反应，但有些孩子先天携带BLUE（忧郁）基因，同伴之间的沟通都没有了，家长又严苛教育，他没有疏泄口的话，就会闷在心里，有一些其他表现，比如一撸袖子上面全是各种划痕。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;"><strong>清华大学博士后、元认知心理干预技术学术委员会委员 李纪红：</strong></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818438447039283204</section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.75;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;">实践过程中发现初二、初三、高一 、高三的孩子压力比较大。初二的时候男孩子正好进入青春期，有的孩子情绪恢复力很差，情绪免疫力比较低，和父母产生比较大冲突的时候，可能四五天或者两周都恢复不过来。在这个过程中，如果再有学业上的压力，这个问题对他的伤害就又进一步加强了他的抑郁状态。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 29.75px; max-width: none; letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: content-box; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, "system-ui", Arial, sans-serif; min-height: 0px; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-clip: border-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); bottom: auto; height: auto; left: auto; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); top: auto; z-index: auto; visibility: visible; clear: none;">北京大学第六医院副院长、<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">国家精神心理疾病临床医学</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">研究中心副主任 </span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">岳伟华：</span></span></strong><br></p><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 566.438px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(234, 73, 73);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 27px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(234, 73, 73);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(253, 218, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 24px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgba(234, 73, 73, 0.05);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section>MzA5OTAwMDMzNg==||2701263163||wxv_2818439278937538563</section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.75;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">青春期是人格形成的一个很重要的阶段。儿童期的时候，父母引导他们，老师帮助他们。到了青春期，他会有自我人格的觉醒，但是又没有达到能够掌控周围环境变化的能力，所以他就会有自我和外界的、亲子关系之间的冲突。另外，家长对孩子学业的焦虑会传给孩子，孩子之间的过分竞争也会带来很大的压力，所以这些生理、社会、文化等各个方面的影响都促进了孩子情绪的变化。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">了解了抑郁症的形成原因、</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">早期征兆和外在特征</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">我们一定要重视孩子的心理健康</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">那么</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">孩子一旦确诊抑郁症</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">家长应该怎么办？</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">为什么农村孩子</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">更容易出现心理问题？</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">留守儿童家长</span></strong><br></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">怎样让孩子的心灵不再孤单？</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">敬请期待下集节目</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="text-align: center; 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