如何回应愤怒的孩子 | 心理自助手册
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p style="text-align: center;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><br></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">当孩子生气时,很难让他平静下来。一个烦躁的孩子可能会在学校和其他地方引发很多问题。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;"></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">为什么孩子很难控制自己的情绪?如何回应来帮助和引导孩子的情绪呢?</span></section><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br></span></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 169, 0);">为什么孩子很难控制自己的情绪?</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">在压力事件中,大脑的边缘系统(通常被称为“情感大脑”)往往会压制前额叶皮层(因负责逻辑思维和理性决策而被称为“思考大脑”)。对于孩子来说,<strong>他们的思维大脑到二十五六岁才完全成熟,所以孩子的“情感大脑”往往会占主导</strong>(译者注:从而抑制着“思考大脑”)。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">由于“情感大脑”没有语言中枢,所以成人经常使用的一句话,“用自己的话去表达”,是一个很好的建议,因为通常沮丧的孩子是无法做到的。当问题出现时,一个很正常的现象是儿童和青少年会被强烈的情绪淹没,并冲动地通过带有侵略性、伤害性或其他不想要的行为表现出这些感觉。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><p style="margin-left: 32px; margin-right: 32px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;"></span></p><p><br></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 169, 0);">如何回应来帮助和引导孩子的情绪呢?</span></strong></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><strong>“认可”,是一种帮助孩子重新控制他们的行为反应的语言技能,通过语言表达他们的情绪状态</strong>。一个有用的认可能将孩子的感受用语言表达出来。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">这是一种与大脑一致的策略,有助于让孩子运用到他们的“情感大脑”。更重要的是,认可可以让孩子知道你不带偏见地接受他们的想法、感受和行为是重要的和可以理解的。有效认可语句的例子包括:</section><p style="margin-right: 2em; margin-left: 2em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">“我可以看出来你在生我的气。”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 2em; margin-left: 2em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">“你听起来你并不舒服。”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 2em; margin-left: 2em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">“你因为你的兄弟的不忍让而感到恼火。”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 2em; margin-left: 2em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">“我能理解你为刚刚的事感到羞耻。”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 2em; margin-left: 2em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">“那肯定是一个很恐怖的情况。”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 2em; margin-left: 2em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br></span></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">以上的陈述可以让你感受到说话者运用着简单但特定的词汇去认可对方的情绪。<strong>当孩子面对着可靠的表达情绪的词汇时,比起用我们不期望的反应方式和行为去应对情绪,他们用语言去表达自己感受的意愿会变高。</strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">很多时候,为了迅速“解决”孩子的问题或让他们的不安情绪“消失”,成年人往往会用一些无意中否定他们情绪的话语来回应孩子的情绪爆发。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">更糟糕的是,一些成年人会把孩子的情感表达当成针对个人行为,导致他们用自己的边缘大脑去以威胁或惩罚的威胁来应对。在所有这些情况下,孩子的压力水平会增加,让他们感到被误解或被反驳。例如,比较以下成人陈述的相对优点:</section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">情景1:</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">一个孩子在晚饭的时候砸碎了一个玻璃杯。他对自己说:“我真的好糟糕,我总是毁掉所有事情。”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">当父母试图去“消除”孩子的不安:“没事,这不是什么大事。”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); text-decoration-line: underline;">当父母去认可孩子的不安:“可以看得出来摔碎这个杯子真的让你不安和恼火。”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">情景2:</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">一个学生意识到她在一次拼写测试中犯了几个错误。她说:“我从来没有做对过任何事!”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">当老师试图去“打消”她的念头:“才不是呢!你做的很多事都是对的呀!”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); text-decoration-line: underline;">当老师去认可她的念头:“去相信自己什么都做不好一定让你很恼火吧。”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">情景3: </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">“我恨你!”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">成人认为是在针对自己:“你怎么敢拿这种语气对我说话!你被禁足了!”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); text-decoration-line: underline;">成人去认可他的情绪:“你现在真的是超级生气。和我说说吧。”</span></section><p><br></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><strong>在每一个情景中,带有认可的陈述降低儿童大脑情感中心的活动,鼓励使用具体的语言与“思考大脑”,让儿童感到被倾听和被理解。</strong>当专业人士、父母和看护人使用与大脑一致的语言认可策略时,他们帮助孩子重新控制他们的情绪反应,并用语言代替问题行为。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;"><br></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" mpa-paragraph-type="ignored"><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><em style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">— the end —</span></em></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;">翻译作者 /Evita J</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 11px;">一个热爱心理学的高中生</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;">插图 /来源于网络</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br></section><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">原文链接:</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 11px;">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/passive-aggressive-diaries/202106/how-respond-angry-child</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 11px;"><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></section></section>转载声明:本文转载自「大侠心理」,搜索「xinlixinli2014」即可关注,[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/YvqUOrBQnJpRwVePZQYvlQ">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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