徐本亮：一个高效的理事会应该是怎样的？
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.8; padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; text-align: left;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"><br></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 1 auto;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: unset; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.6px; padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">导语：</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">《社会组织管理精要十五讲》是内地第一本理论和实际相结合的社会组织管理宝典。作者徐本亮根据著名管理大师彼得·德鲁克的思想，紧密联系中国社会组织的实际和痛点，结合本人23年的公益实践，系统、全面介绍了社会组织管理的基本知识，提供了清晰、具体的操作方法，具有系统性、实务性和可操作性的特点。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">《社会组织管理精要十五讲》自2018年出版至今，得到了读者的高度认可和好评。近年来，随着公益慈善事业的发展，行业对人才的需求不断增加，从业者的专业水平也亟待提高，所以学习并践行德鲁克思想就非常重要和及时。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">本刊将连载刊登《社会组织管理15讲（修订版）》的内容，每周一篇。本周发布第四篇《社会组织的治理》的下半部分。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: unset; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" 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align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 1 auto; max-width: 100%; height: 111px; overflow: hidden; border-width: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 111px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 105px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; width: 105px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 0%; max-width: 100%; margin-right: 10px; height: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 16px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 1 auto; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; height: 16px; background-color: rgb(218, 46, 17); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; max-width: 100%; min-width: 10%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">徐本亮</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 20px 25px; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: unset; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">现任上海卓越公益事业评估中心理事长、重庆卓越社会组织服务中心主任、昆山卓越公益事业咨询中心主任、浙江省万礼公益服务中心主任。曾任上海第二工业大学社科系副主任、继续教育部主任、上海市慈善教育培训中心副主任。致力于慈善公益27年，创业教育24年，为全国4500多家社会组织做各种能力建设培训、咨询和战略规划。作为顾问和专家先后为20多个省市的政府购买服务和社会组织孵化、培育提供服务和指导。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.8; padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; text-align: left;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px); display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; margin-right: 10px; min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87) rgb(62, 62, 62); min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会的职责</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">（一）理事会的法定职责</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在国际上，普遍认为社会组织理事会有三项法定职责，即：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注、忠诚和服从。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">“关注”的职责是指理事会要尽职地监管组织的财务和关注其管理行为。要求理事准时出席会议 ；认真认真阅读理事会材料，积极发表意见；监督项目的有效性和财务状况 ；认真审查需要理事会采取行动的有关事务的信息 ；理解为采取行动向理事会提供的信息 ；严谨地管理组织的资产。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">“忠诚”的职责是指在做出影响社会组织的决定时，对组织表示绝对忠诚的责任。理事会成员必须将组织的利益置于个人经济利益之上，也要置于可能与他有关联的其他组织的利益之上。与“忠诚”概念相关的一个概念是“利益冲突”。当理事会投票决定是否应该与一家公司签订合同，而恰恰有理事会成员就是拥有这家公司的人时，就可能产生利益冲突。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">管理有效的理事会要制定处理利益冲突的政策，明文规定应遵循的程序，严格禁止组织的任何一个理事会成员和组织官员从组织资金中不合理地获利。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">“服从”的职责要求理事会确保组织遵守国家法律法规、组织的章程和制定的政策。同时，理事会的任何决策和采取的任何行为必须与组织的使命及政府文件相符。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">（二）理事会的功能性职责</span></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">法律规定的主要是社会组织理事会不能做的事情，不关注组织的使命。那么，社会组织的理事会到底应该做什么呢？这就是社会组织理事会的功能性职责。许多专家已经为我们提供了有关理事会功能性职责的列表。虽然专家对理事会功能性职责有哪几项的认识有所不同，但在关于理事会应该具有的职责方面大多数列表是十分相识的。以下<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">十项功能性职责是大多数理事会的职责中所共有的</span>。</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、确定组织的使命、愿景以及价值观。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">使命、愿景以及价值观决定组织的方向和整体目标。使命回答了组织存在的理由和目的，表明组织追求的结果和对社会的贡献。组织的使命要由全体人员共同讨论决定，但是理事会有责任审查并批准这些文件。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、任命首席执行官。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">选择最高执行长官对组织的成功影响很大。理事会应当为最高执行长官制定任期内的目标和重点工作，为其制定薪酬级别。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、财务监督。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会要制定目标，批准年度预算；确保组织具有适当的内部控制系统，来监督财务、项目以及工作人员的表现，确保他们遵守既定的方针，取得了预期的成果；审查财务和运作报告；确保理事会成员明确组织重要的衡量标准；确保组织有相关的、及时更新的政策，以便指导管理部门的决策和日常工作。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4、筹集资源。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会成员负有筹款的任务，他们或者直接捐助经费给组织，或者致力于寻找财源，或者为组织建立良好的社会资源网络，使之能够获得充裕的经费开展活动。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5、保证组织守法，道德诚信，维系组织的公信力。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">每一位理事都要代表组织与外界保持良好的沟通，尽力提高组织的公信度和公众形象，并为组织宣传和辩护。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6、确保有效的组织规划。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会应该负责制定社会组织发展的战略规划，或者对管理层提出的战略规划进行研讨和审核，最终确定组织发展的战略规划。关注于长期发展战略，执行相关的重大决策，是理事会肩负的关键性职能。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7、招收新的理事会成员，提供培训，评估理事会的绩效。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">8、监督和提高组织的形象和声誉。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">从某种意义上讲，非营利组织比营利组织更重视公众关系的改善与协调，尤其是当相当多的公众本身就是非营利组织的服务对象时。每一位理事都要代表组织与外界保持良好的沟通，尽力提高组织的公信度和公众形象，并为组织宣传和辩护。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">9、审批、监测并改进组织的项目和服务，保证其符合使命的范围之内并取得意想的结果。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">10、支持首席执行官的工作并评估其工作。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会要为最高执行长官制定战略的（长期的）和年度的运作目标。做好监督工作，需要的时候提供协助（反馈、建议、鼓励等）。每年至少做一次正式的最高执行长官的工作考核。</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）理事会各负责人的职责</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、理事长</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据我国的特定环境和条件，社会组织理事会的理事长一般由创办人或主要出资人出任。他/她作为理事一员，同时领导其他理事；对外是理事会的象征，是理事会的发言人。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">主持理事会会议；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">同外界领导人联络的主要联系人；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">对监督执行主任的工作负主要责任；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">激励并要求其他理事对理事会负相应责任。</p></li><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></ul></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 2、副理事长</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在理事长缺席时代理主席的职能；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事长可能给其分配具体分管职能。</p></li></ul></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、理事会秘书</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理和保管理事会档案；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会开会时作记录或负责记录。</p></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">（四）理事会和执行长的关系</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在社会组织中，理事会制度的有效推行和贯彻，需要有一位优秀的执行长（或称秘书长、总干事、主任）。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">执行长是社会组织领导的核心人物，是行政主管和日常负责人，理事会的上述职能是否能够有效发挥，在很大程度上取决于执行长的作为。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">执行长的主要职责包括以下七个方面：</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">确保战略计划和财务计划的落实，并定期审核，每年进行更新；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">确保人力资源发展计划实施，通过理事会审核并每年进行更新；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">确保理事会，尤其是理事长保持对影响组织环境的认识上的更新；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立高效的有执行力的管理团队；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">确保所有必要的政策和程序能够得到发展，获得理事会的核准以及有效运用；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">促进公众对组织的理解，扮演组织的代言人；</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">保持与利益相关者的良好沟通。</p></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会和执行长的关系是影响理事会作用发挥的重要因素。在治理结构清晰的社会组织中，理事会与执行长的分工明确，分权清晰。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">通常，理事会行使治理职能，而执行长行使管理职能。</span>见下表。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width: 100%; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><table style="margin-bottom: 10px;" width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="30.0000%"><section style="color: rgb(239, 239, 239);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><section style="line-height: 0;color:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:0;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"><text x="-10" y="-10">_</text></svg></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="25.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:0.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="44.0000%"><section style="color: rgb(239, 239, 239);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">执行长</strong></p></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:1" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:1.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="30.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展决策</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:1.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="25.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">决策</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:1.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="44.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">组织实施、执行理事会的各项决议</p></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:2" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:2.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="30.0000%"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展规划</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:2.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="25.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">审议</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:2.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="44.0000%"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">起草战略规划</p></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:3" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:3.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="30.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">工作计划</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:3.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="25.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">审议</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:3.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="44.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">拟定年度计划、预算</p></section></td></tr><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:4" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:4.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="30.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">团队</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:4.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="25.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">支持</p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:5.col1:27.classicTable1:4.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="44.0000%"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">组建秘书处及执行团队</p></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(107, 107, 107);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会和执行长的关系</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">理事会是治理，不是管理。</span>理事会应做好其职责范围内的事务，不要事无巨细的过度干涉管理层的内政，不要越过执行长直接指挥员工。理事听到员工的意见和建议时，首先需要与执行长协商，保证执行长有权管理社会组织的日常运作而不受干涉。</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px); display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; margin-right: 10px; min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87) rgb(62, 62, 62); min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事的职责</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">著名管理大师彼得·德鲁克指出：<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">非营利组织的理事会如果管理得当，它将是一个巨大的资源。</span>在一家社会组织中担任理事，既是一种荣誉，也是一种责任。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会成员有四项职能：</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.监管者（Governor）：监管着这个组织机构，保证组织的使命、公信力和遵纪守法。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.捐助者（Sponsor） ：为机构筹集资金，要带头捐赠。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.大使（Ambassador）：对外诠释组织的使命，保护组织，代表和维护组织的良好社会形象。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.顾问（Consultant）：用自己的专业知识和专业技能为组织服务。</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">作为社会组织的理事，主要的职责在于确保组织在遵从使命和遵纪守法的前提下，能够持续发展下去，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">具体体现在以下十个方面：</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.了解组织的使命、业务范围、服务内容和项目；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.参加理事和组织的相关活动；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.如果能力许可，个人向组织捐款；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.在你的影响范围内，做一名组织的代言人；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">5.参与理事会的讨论和决策，向管理部门和理事会贡献你的经验和专长；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">6.支持理事会的决定；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">7.不直接指导组织日常工作或干涉对员工的管理；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">8.遵守利益冲突和保密政策的相关规则；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">9.帮助理事会行使受托责任，例如审议机构年度财务报告；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">10.向理事会推荐能够为理事会和组织作出贡献的合适人选。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">理事会需要对理事进行必要的培训，使理事明确自己的职责，更好发挥作用。</span>理事如果在社会组织不担任实职性的工作是不受薪的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px); display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; margin-right: 10px; min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87) rgb(62, 62, 62); min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会成员的素质、构成、规模和任期</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">（一）理事个人应具备的素质</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>能力：</strong>倾听、分析、思维清晰、创造性思考、团队合作能力。</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>态度：</strong>原意参加理事会和相关活动；在会议上能积极发表意见，参加讨论；对安排给自己的工作愿意承担责任并坚持完成；根据个人情况慷慨地向组织贡献自己的时间、精力和金钱；在社会上宣传该组织。</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果不具备某些技能，愿意<strong>学习</strong>这些技能，学习更多关于组织业务领域的相关专业知识。</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">具备以下素质：<strong>诚实、包容性、能了解并接受不同观点、友好、公正积极处理问题、耐心、开拓社区的技能、正直、有成熟的价值观、关心所在社会组织的发展。</strong></p></li></ul></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）理事的构成要多样化</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">为了使理事会有效发挥治理功能，社会组织在建立理事会和招募理事会成员时，要尽可能考虑理事会成员构成的多样化，招募具有不同专业技能和不同背景的理事。要避免招募的理事都是创办人的朋友，或者完全是意见一致的人。一般来说，一个理想的理事会应尽可能包括具有以下专业技能和背景的理事成员：</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">财务知识/专长</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">筹款拓展能力</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展志愿人员的专长</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">商业上的才智、管理才能</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">与政府相关部门人员的联系</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">推广、公关和交流能力</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">政治见识、对于政府/立法机构/司法部门的了解</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">与该组织的业务领域相关的专业知识和经验（比如医疗/健康事业、心理咨询等）</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">慈善公益和社会组织领域的知识/专长</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">创业精神</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">知名度</p></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）理事会规模及任期</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会组织的规模大小和行业性质的不同，其理事会人数会有所差别，成员为5—25人，且为单数组成。一般而言，小规模的社会组织倾向于有一个联系紧密的小型理事会，其成员通常少于10人。规模较大的社会组织的理事可以多一点，具体人数法律有规定的，按照法律规定办；法律没有规定的，根据有助于理事会有效决策和有效运作的原则决定。为防止理事会形同虚设，使理事能充分表达自己的意见，理事会的规模不宜过大。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">根据一项对美国214个非营利组织的调查显示，大多数有效理事会的规模在10—20人之间。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">理事会的任期由章程规定，不同的组织规定的任期有所不同。通常每届任期最长不得超过5年，理事任期届满，可以连选连任。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px); display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; margin-right: 10px; min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87) rgb(62, 62, 62); min-width: 10%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">高效社会组织理事会的原则和实践</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国的社会组织总体而言，还处于起步阶段，内部治理相对比较薄弱，缺乏较为成功的经验和案例。我们需要了解和学习国际上非营利组织理事会建设的经验。2005年美国“理事会资源”（Board Source）组织专家，经过深入研究，总结了<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">“12项打造非凡理事会的管理原则”</span>。专家们一致认为社会组织的理事会应该遵循这些原则以提高有效性。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、建设性的伙伴关系：</strong>非凡的理事会与首席执行官建立建设性的伙伴关系从而对组织进行治理，并认识到理事的有效性和首席执行官的有效性是相互依赖的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、使命驱动：</strong>非凡的理事会塑造并支持使命，明确表达其引人注目的愿景，并确保决策和核心价值观一致。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、战略性思维：</strong>非凡的理事会分配时间来处理最重要的事务，并不断使用战略性思维来锤炼组织的方向。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4、质询的文化氛围：</strong>非凡的理事会使质询的文化氛围、相互尊重和具有建设性的讨论制度化，从而带来合理的、共享的决策过程。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5、独立思考：</strong>非凡的理事会应该能够独立思考。在做决策时，理事会成员把组织的利益置于其他一切利益至上。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6、透明的风气：</strong>非凡的理事会通过确保捐助者、利益相关者和利益相关者的公众成员能够获得适当和准确的有关财务、操作和结果的信息，来促进透明的风气。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7、遵守诚信：</strong>非凡的理事会通过建立适当的积极监督机制，来促进强有力的道德价值观和严格的服从。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">8、维持资源：</strong>非凡的理事会将雄才大略与财政支持、专业知识和有影响力网络联系起来。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">9、结果导向：</strong>非凡的理事会是以结果为导向的。他们会确保组织朝实现使命的方向发展，并评估主要项目和服务的绩效。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">10、有计划的理事会实践：</strong>非凡的理事会有计划、有系统地组织，来完成必要的管理职责、支持组织优先事务。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">11、持续学习：</strong>非凡的理事会具有持续了解组织，评估其自身表现和评价其为组织带来的价值的品质。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">12、新生：</strong>非凡的理事会通过有计划地变更人员、经过深思的人才招聘和包容性使自身充满活力。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">“12项打造非凡理事会的管理原则”是开发这些管理原则的杰出专家们的共识，也为中国社会组织如何建立高效理事会提供了很有价值的指导意见</span>。由于这12项管理原则是一种对于实践经验的总结，中国社会组织要结合自身的实际情况加以运用，努力打造高效理事会，使其更好地发挥作用。</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">-END-</p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;display: none;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="10000"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「善达网」，搜索「shandanetwork」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/B9HwN3Qiwku_Icmtl-UbYw">阅读原文</a>]。</div>
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