中国儿童阅读现状：“乡村孩子没条件，城里孩子没时间”
<div style="max-width:677px !important;"><p style="text-align: center;"><span></span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;line-height: 21.3333px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 21.3333px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;line-height: 21.3333px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 0px;background-image: none;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">2018年<span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Calibri;">1</span>月<span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Calibri;">9</span>日，湖南湘西岔河小学，下课时间，孩子们有的在玩，有的在看课外书。（视觉中国<span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Calibri;">/</span>图）</span><br></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="padding: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-decoration: inherit;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 25.6px;border-color: rgb(101, 0, 0);border-left-width: 6px;border-left-style: solid;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);line-height: 1.4;">全文共</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;line-height: 1.4;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5497</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);line-height: 1.4;">字，阅读大约需要</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;line-height: 1.4;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);line-height: 1.4;">分钟</span></span></section></section></section><section style="padding: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-decoration: inherit;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 25.6px;border-color: rgb(101, 0, 0);border-left-width: 6px;border-left-style: solid;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;list-style-type: none;width: 555.438px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">从2007年起，中国少儿出版行业持续迅猛发展，出现了少儿读物的“黄金十年”，童书的出版数量从每年一万多种发展到四万多种，质量也大有提升。但少儿图书发展的红利，大部分由一、二线城市的儿童分享。</span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文首发于南方周末 未经授权 不得转载</span></strong></span></section></section></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><p style="text-align: right;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">文｜南方周末特约撰稿 宋凌燕</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: right;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">责任编辑｜吴筱羽</span></strong></p><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">这是北京市海淀区某重点小学五年级书单，必读书目六册，选读书目五册，有的书市面有多种版本，还体贴地附上了建议的出版社或译者。小小五年级生周子墨，本学期的必读任务，包括《汤姆·索亚历险记》和四大名著。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">书单在每学期初如期而至，从一年级最简单的《小布头奇遇记》到如今的《骆驼祥子》。语文老师让孩子们把书单带给家长，家长自行购买，并督促孩子完成阅读。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">四百多公里外，山西晋中某乡村小学学生孙小芸家里，适合她看的只有一本《脑筋急转弯大全》。学校推荐的课外书，一学期一本，在同学间“漂流”。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">孙小芸家境不算差，父母均在外打工，只是，她不知道应当读什么书，如何“读书”。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">阅读在教育中的重要性毋庸置疑。美国教育理论家艾瑞克·唐纳德·赫希在《知识匮乏：缩小美国儿童令人震惊的教育差距》一书中指出，“我们只有在妥善处理好阅读问题后，才能在知识经济时代的竞争中处于最佳地位，才能实现保证每位学生人生起点公平的目标。”</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">“起点公平的目标”，同样适用于中国的教育环境。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">国家全民阅读形象代言人、第十三届全国政协常务委员兼副秘书长、民进中央副主席朱永新认为，社会公平的基础是教育公平，教育公平的基础是阅读公平，而“以往我们在推进教育公平的时候，往往忽略了阅读公平这个非常重要的领域”。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2020</span>年<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11</span>月<span style="font-family: Calibri;">22</span>日举办的“阅读推进社会公平”主题沙龙中，他特别提到。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">随着“大语文时代”到来，基础教育阶段的阅读公平面临着更多挑战。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;display: inline-block;border-color: rgb(95, 1, 1);border-bottom-width: 2px;border-bottom-style: solid;line-height: 1;text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 1.8em;min-height: 1.6em;border-top-left-radius: 80%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 90%;border-bottom-left-radius: 20%;line-height: 1;font-family: inherit;background-color: rgb(95, 1, 1);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section><span style="margin-left: 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.4;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(95, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h3 style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;">送去书，不等于送去阅读</span></strong></h3></span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">在城市，孩子们的阅读当然并非始于小学，甚至不是幼儿园。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">早在周子墨的幼儿启蒙阶段，母亲郭虹就有意识地让她接触了很多经典绘本、有声书。这只是常规做法，如今，周子墨身边不乏阅读量巨大的同学：有人博览中、英文经典作品；有人已对《红楼梦》研究颇深，常撰文深入分析其中的人物塑造；有人早早读完金庸全集、哈利·波特全集；还有人开始在自己的微信公众号更新小说了。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">他们都是小学五年级生。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">出生于2010年，周子墨这一代孩子赶上了中国少儿图书发展的黄金期。从事少儿阅读出版研究的资深媒体人陈香观察到，从<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2007</span>年起，中国少儿出版行业持续迅猛发展，出现了少儿读物的“黄金十年”。在这期间，童书的出版数量从每年一万多种发展到四万多种，质量也大有提升，例如，曾经不多见的绘本现在已经非常普遍。直到今天，少儿图书仍是中国零售图书市场的最大细分类，根据图书产业数据与信息服务专业提供商“开卷”发布的数据，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2020</span>年<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1-8</span>月，少儿类图书码洋比重占所有图书的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">29.11%</span>，继续保持上升势头。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">但少儿图书发展的红利，大部分由一、二线城市的儿童分享。《2019年线上童书消费报告》（由京东图书与“开卷”成立的阅读与产业发展联合研究院发布）显示，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2019</span>年，在京东全部童书消费者中，二线市场消费者数量占比最大，其次是一线城市；而在消费金额上，一、二线市场童书的销量占比和成交额占比之和均超过了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">55%</span>。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">单从阅读方面看，周子墨和孙小芸之间的差距远远超过四百公里，且具有普遍性。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">2018年《乡村儿童阅读报告》（由中国扶贫基金会、北京师范大学中国公益研究院联合发布）的调查结果显示，中西部贫困地区儿童的课外阅读资源整体匮乏，高达<span style="font-family: Calibri;">74%</span>的受访乡村儿童一年阅读的课外读物不足<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10</span>本。这一数据与<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2016</span>年《中国城市儿童阅读调研报告》（由中国童书博览会等单位发布）中显示的“<span style="font-family: Calibri;">64.2%</span>的城市儿童年阅读量超过<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10</span>本”形成鲜明对比。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">一些教育界人士向南方周末指出，和城市学生相比，乡村学生在阅读方面，缺少的不只是优质资源，还有教师、父母的重视和正确引导。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">朱永新对此就深有体会。在前述沙龙中，他提到自己走访了一些农村的学校后发现，不少中小学图书馆建设与学生的阅读状况堪忧。有的乡村学校获得的捐赠图书无人编目，就成包成捆躺在库房“睡觉”。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">乡村学校的书一般有两个来源，一是学校招标，低价中标，这导致高品质、不降价的好书很难被选择；二是源于捐赠，捐赠者不加挑选，多多益善。再加上很多校长、老师不知道如何为孩子选书，种种原因导致有些乡村学校图书馆里甚至摆着《养猪手册》和《大棚栽培》。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">2015年，通过扶贫对口帮扶项目，儿童阅读专家王林前往云南省某县挂职副县长。其时，他看到，当地学校的图书馆、阅览室几乎形同虚设，有的书是论斤从市场上买来凑数的，大部分书根本不适合孩子读。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">儿童文学作家童喜喜也有自己的发现。过去十多年，她一直致力于推进中国乡村阅读。从2014年<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6</span>月到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2015</span>年<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span>月，她通过“新孩子”乡村阅读公益行，到过<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100</span>所乡村学校。在这些学校里，她免费作了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">196</span>场讲座，主题就是“共读共行新孩子”。她希望通过面对面的讲述，启迪当地的孩子、老师、家长，让他们重视阅读，还送去出版社捐赠的图书。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">但送去书，不等于送去了阅读。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">童喜喜知道光捐书不够。每次给学校捐书后的三年中，她都和团队一起，免费为每个学校的老师、家长提供阅读指导课程，希望培养出当地的阅读推广人。在她的设想中，这些持续的推广工作总能让乡村的孩子改变阅读习惯。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">然而这个项目的结果难如人意，不少学校对后续的课程兴致缺缺。“我不后悔做这件事，我后悔的是，在做这件事时，我极度欠缺正确的方法，导致它的效果和我付出的劳动完全不成正比。”童喜喜说。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">她后来终于意识到，自己当时受到学校欢迎的一大原因是，她一次就能带去价值10万元的赠书。有的学校只是为了拿到书，也有的学校觉得这种天上掉馅饼的事情，背后一定有猫腻，想要中止合作。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">遭遇过各种状况后，童喜喜看到，越是落后地区的学校，越是不知道自己要什么。而越是高端、先进的教育理念，在发展落后的地方越是水土不服，在那里，人们需要的不是理论，是能够拿起来用的“工具”。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;display: inline-block;border-color: rgb(95, 1, 1);border-bottom-width: 2px;border-bottom-style: solid;line-height: 1;text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 1.8em;min-height: 1.6em;border-top-left-radius: 80%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 90%;border-bottom-left-radius: 20%;line-height: 1;font-family: inherit;background-color: rgb(95, 1, 1);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section><span style="margin-left: 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.4;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(95, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h3 style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;">半数学生周阅读时间不足1小时</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;"></span></h3></span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">推广阅读的人，大多将视线投向乡村。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">据2021年<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>月发布的《中国儿童阅读领域公益行业发展研究报告》（由心和公益基金会、满天星青少年公益发展中心发布），儿童阅读领域的公益组织以服务小学生为主（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">91.25%</span>），其中农村儿童居多（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">58.75%</span>）。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">很多阅读推广人都认同朱永新的一句话，“乡村阅读是改变乡村教育，提升乡村孩子教育品质最廉价、最基础、最便捷、最有效的方式”。一次公开演讲中，朱永新再次提到，“当乡村孩子有了和城市孩子同样多的阅读资源和阅读条件，以及得到阅读的帮助时，他们和城里的孩子其实就站在同一个起点上。这就是我们为什么如此重视推进乡村阅读工作的原因。”</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">在乡镇，阅读带来的变化也在逐步显现出来。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">海口市桂林洋中学的语文教师库亚鸽，从七年级开始在班上加强阅读，学生的语文成绩很快有了明显提高，到了九年级，整体成绩远超其他班级，原因是，学生的写作能力、语言表达能力跟上来之后，思维能力也得到提升，能带动其他科目的学习。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">另一位语文老师崔吉成也提到，他所在的山东潍坊市孙家小学，为学生定制了“蒲公英阅读成长计划”。这是校长很重视的项目，经过三四年推进，“一个最直观的表现是，骂人的学生变少了”。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">安徽怀宁县凉亭中心学校校长胡旭俊有一些更细微的意图。他所在的小学，70%的学生家长都在外打工，留守儿童由祖父母辈在抚养。他和老师会为留守儿童选择针对性更强的书籍，在低年级时引导行为习惯，高年级时培养自立自强的意识。“每逢过年，孩子们实际上情绪都有些低落，这个时候，我们希望书能给他们带去温暖和慰藉。”胡旭俊说。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">虽然教育者认识到阅读的好处，但整体来看，中国中小学生的阅读状况并不算理想。农村的孩子固然不如城市的孩子更有条件阅读，但城市里的孩子也有一个突出的困境——没时间。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">2020年，华东师范大学国家教育宏观政策研究院课题组对中小学生的阅读情况进行了调查，结果显示，参与调查的一半学生，每周阅读时间不足<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span>小时，读物多局限为课标推荐书目，有些书目缺少分级分类，存在与考试挂钩、读物选择“应试化”的现象。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">在南京市某培训机构为小学生补习语文的晓欧，就对很多学生的阅读状况感到担忧。晓欧同时带着一年级和五、六年级的学生，她观察到，一年级的孩子，已经在读写方面显示出了差距，读书多的孩子理解能力强，学习写字也更高效。到了高年级，学生的语文分差可以达到40分，“很多家长这个时候着急了，送到我们班上，希望能尽快提高孩子的语文分数。这些孩子大多数基础很差，光是加强基础就需要耗费很长时间，于是更没有时间去阅读了。完全是个恶性循环。”</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">晓欧试过从培养孩子的阅读兴趣做起，但往往还没见效，父母就等不及了。问起孩子的阅读问题，家长只能回答，“都怪我，可是现在来不及了。”</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">孩子缺少好的阅读习惯和兴趣，晓欧认为，主要是因为一些公立学校老师没有进行有效指导，家长也无从下手。“我不太清楚学校的语文老师怎么为他们讲解文章，我有时候试图带着学生感受文章中的美感和深情，我倾注了感情去讲授，但台下的孩子竟然都很麻木，甚至会笑出声。”</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;padding-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;display: inline-block;border-color: rgb(95, 1, 1);border-bottom-width: 2px;border-bottom-style: solid;line-height: 1;text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 1.8em;min-height: 1.6em;border-top-left-radius: 80%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 90%;border-bottom-left-radius: 20%;line-height: 1;font-family: inherit;background-color: rgb(95, 1, 1);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section><span style="margin-left: 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.4;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(95, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h3 style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">别把阅读书目变成新的教材</span></strong></span></h3></span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">虽然遭遇过挫折，但经过十多年实践，童喜喜现在对推广阅读这件事更有信心了，“现阶段，我的努力方向不再是推广阅读，而是让阅读变得吸引人。”</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">童喜喜在2009年加入朱永新发起的“新教育实验”，接触到众多一线教师，她发现在很多研究中，教师被当成了不知疲倦的“工具人”。研究者总是强调阅读对学生的重要性，把任务施加在教师身上，加重他们的工作负担。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">不同于往日粗线条的理论、方法总结，如今童喜喜和她的团队更重视实证研究和案例研究，并在一些学校试点“说写课程”。她的目标是，为老师、家长做出一些可选择的、流程化的，同时具有个性化、阶梯型的课程和方法，把阅读的专业、逻辑藏在背后，给受众简单、有趣的操作办法。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">在一线教育工作者的叙述中，阅读推广有所成效的学校或地区，有着共通的经验。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">王林在当地建设“书香校园”的过程中想了很多办法。首先要获得教育部门的领导、校长和老师的支持，不是通过行政命令，而是通过反复、深入的聊天，让他们相信“阅读是最便宜的教育”。在建设阅览室时，王林希望把阅览室布置成学校最漂亮的一间教室。阅览室最好在第一层，里面用适合孩子身高的木书架，取代传统的、冷冰冰的灰色铁书架；不要为了多摆几本书，就把书架挤得密密麻麻，尽量把漂亮的书封面对着孩子，让书呈现出一个“诱人的姿态”；基金会捐赠的图书到了，全校学生排成长队，把书从校门口，一本一本接力到阅览室；买来的爱心书架，让孩子们看着说明书自己组装；图书室交由学生管理，让他们制定借阅规则，定期整理、修补图书……</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">王林这项实践坚持了一年。他的经验是，“只要用心去做，尊重和相信学校，这件事并不难”。同时，他也意识到，乡村阅读推广不能照抄城市的经验。王林做过一个小调查，发现有<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20%-30%</span>的孩子，因为怕把书弄丢，而不敢借书。因此，他反复向校长、老师强调，基金会捐赠的书丢了，绝对不要让孩子赔偿。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">和王林的做法类似，江西省定南县许多学校也把书从图书馆请进了教室，让学生管理。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">不过，县教育局局长李乐明最初推进的其实是老师的阅读。他先是和校长、老师建立了读书群，和老师们分享一本书。继而在晋升或职称评选时，也向有阅读习惯的老师倾斜。“用行政命令来推进阅读不可取，命令逼不出习惯，要唤醒老师的内生动力，他们才能影响学生。”李乐明总结道。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">激发学生的交流和分享也大有益处。在海南语文教师库亚鸽的班上，每周有一节阅读课，是让学生交流读书心得，无关考试和分数。他们最近读完的是《红星照耀中国》，库亚鸽很欣慰，“把不同学生的不同阅读经历都打通了”。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">至于家庭阅读，李乐明的经验是“营造氛围”。比如在学校开展一些家庭的经验分享会，而很多阅读习惯好的孩子，确实成绩也好，这就更容易说服家长。李乐明还观察到，“我们小县城是熟人社会，大家彼此了解，这有一个好处，张三的家长动起来以后，李四的家长就不好意思无动于衷。”</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">相比之下，安徽校长胡旭俊就遇到了困难。留守儿童的长辈不配合，加上2020年疫情期间，很多孩子在家迷上了智能手机，复学后出现厌学情况。胡旭俊要求老师每周请一些家长来学校，亲自带着他们读书，发现“很多孩子的问题，归根结底是家庭的问题，光凭学校教育达不到理想的效果。解决家庭教育问题，是我们目前最难啃的骨头，只能慢慢做”。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">虽然乡村教育资源相对落后，但多位受访者却认为，只要找到合适的方法，阅读在乡村反而更容易推广，相比之下，城市孩子的课余时间被各种培训班挤占了。一些大城市的学校，甚至把阅读书目变成新的教材。比如强调写读后感，甚至进行测验、考试，“这样做的确提升了成绩，但是以牺牲孩子的身体健康为代价。如果在教育教学上一味使用老办法，后果就是不断压榨学生甚至老师的休息时间。”童喜喜说。</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;">“推广阅读，最终目的是让人积极主动地开展自我教育。如果人们不喜欢读书，那是我们阅读研究者和推广者的问题。”童喜喜说。<span></span></span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">（应受访者要求，文中周子墨、郭虹、孙小芸、晓欧为化名）</span></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243);padding: 20px 20px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 26px;color: rgb(92, 92, 92);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;padding-right: 13px;padding-left: 13px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编者按</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;border-width: 0px;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 26px;color: rgb(92, 92, 92);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(181, 181, 181);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">4月23日是世界读书日</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 5px 5px;border-color: rgb(243, 243, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(92, 92, 92);font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 23px;padding-left: 23px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">国家全民阅读形象代言人朱永新认为，社会公平的基础是教育公平，教育公平的基础是阅读公平。在基础教育阶段，随着“大语文时代”到来，阅读公平面临着更多挑战。2018年《乡村儿童阅读报告》的调查结果显示，中西部贫困地区儿童的课外阅读资源整体匮乏，高达74%的受访乡村儿童一年阅读的课外读物不足10本。这一数据与2016年《中国城市儿童阅读调研报告》中显示的“64.2%的城市儿童年阅读量超过10本”形成鲜明对比。<br></p><p> </p><p>2021年4月起，南方周末推出“阅读新火种”公益行动，向全国2万名中学语文教师赠阅为期一年的《南方周末》报纸，并将通过名家进校园活动、教师公益训练营等举措助力阅读推广，激发更多教育工作者和年轻学子对阅读的兴趣。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br><span 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