斯坦福大学实验 | ＂表扬孩子＂与＂鼓励孩子＂差别巨大！
<div style="max-width:677px !important;"><p style="white-space: normal;"><br></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="27153" style="white-space: normal;"><section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28107"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="11091"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="13195"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="30702"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><p style="margin-right: 50px;margin-left: 50px;"><br></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(111, 161, 81);min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: -7px;margin-bottom: -7px;max-width: 100%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;background-color: rgba(111, 161, 81, 0.11);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 8px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(111, 161, 81);text-align: justify;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">01</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">斯坦福大学着名发展心理学家卡罗尔·德韦克在过去的10年里，和她的团队都在研究表扬对孩子的影响。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">他们对纽约20所学校，400名五年级学生做了长期的研究，这项研究结果令学术界震惊。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 677px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(241, 242, 249);border-left-style: solid;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-left-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在实验中，他们让孩子们独立完成一系列智力拼图任务。</section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">首先，研究人员每次只从教室里叫出一个孩子，进行第一轮智商测试。</section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">测试题目是非常简单的智力拼图，几乎所有孩子都能相当出色地完成任务。每个孩子完成测试后，研究人员会把分数告诉他，并附一句鼓励或表扬的话。</section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">研究人员随机地把孩子们分成两组，一组得到的是一句关于智商的夸奖，即表扬，比如，“你在拼图方面很有天分，你很聪明。”</section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另外一组孩子得到是一句关于努力的夸奖，即鼓励，比如，“你刚才一定非常努力，所以表现得很出色。”</section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为什么只给一句夸奖的话呢？德韦克解释说：“<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们想看看孩子对表扬或鼓励有多敏感。我当时有一种直觉：一句夸奖的话足以看到效果。</span>”</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(111, 161, 81);min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: -7px;margin-bottom: -7px;max-width: 100%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;background-color: rgba(111, 161, 81, 0.11);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 8px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(111, 161, 81);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">02</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">随后，孩子们参加第二轮拼图测试。</p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(241, 242, 249);border-left-style: solid;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-left-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有两种不同难度的测试可选，他们可以自由选择参加哪一种测试。一种较难，但会在测试过程中学到新知识。另一种是和上一轮类似的简单测试。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">结果发现，那些在第一轮中被夸奖努力的孩子中，有<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">90%选择了难度较大的任务</span>。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而那些被表扬聪明的孩子，则大部分选择了简单的任务。<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由此可见，自以为聪明的孩子，不喜欢面对挑战。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为什么会这样呢？</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">德韦克在研究报告中写道：</p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 19px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(241, 242, 249);border-left: 3px solid rgb(73, 139, 27);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);text-align: justify;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“当我们夸孩子聪明时，等于是在告诉他们，为了保持聪明，不要冒可能犯错的险。” </p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这也就是实验中“聪明”的孩子的所作所为：为了保持看起来聪明，而躲避出丑的风险。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(111, 161, 81);min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: -7px;margin-bottom: -7px;max-width: 100%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;background-color: rgba(111, 161, 81, 0.11);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 8px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(111, 161, 81);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">03</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">接下来又进行了第三轮测试。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这一次，所有孩子参加同一种测试，没有选择。这次测试很难，是初一水平的考题。可想而知，孩子们都失败了。先前得到不同夸奖的孩子们，对失败产生了差异巨大的反应。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">那些先前被夸奖努力的孩子，认为失败是因为他们不够努力。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">德韦克回忆说：</p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 19px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(241, 242, 249);border-left: 3px solid rgb(73, 139, 27);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);text-align: justify;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“这些孩子在测试中非常投入，并努力用各种方法来解决难题，好几个孩子都告诉我：‘这是我最喜欢的测验。’”而那些被表扬聪明的孩子认为，失败是因为他们不够聪明。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">他们在测试中一直很紧张，抓耳挠腮，做不出题就觉得沮丧。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第三轮测试中，德韦克团队故意让孩子们遭受挫折。接下来，他们给孩子们做了第四轮测试，这次的题目和第一轮一样简单。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">那些被夸奖努力的孩子，在这次测试中的分数比第一次提高了30%左右。而那些被夸奖聪明的孩子，这次的得分和第一次相比，却退步了大约20%。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">德韦克一直怀疑，表扬对孩子不一定有好作用，但<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这个实验的结果，还是大大出乎她的意料。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">她解释说：</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 19px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(241, 242, 249);border-left: 3px solid rgb(73, 139, 27);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);text-align: justify;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鼓励，即夸奖孩子努力用功，会给孩子一个可以自己掌控的感觉。</span>孩子会认为，成功与否掌握在他们自己手中。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">反之，表扬，<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即夸奖孩子聪明，就等于告诉他们成功不在自己的掌握之中。</span>这样，当他们面对失败时，往往束手无策。</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在后面对孩子们的追踪访谈中，德韦克发现，那些认为天赋是成功关键的孩子，不自觉地看轻努力的重要性。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这些孩子会这样推理：我很聪明，所以，我不用那么用功。他们甚至认为，努力很愚蠢，等于向大家承认自己不够聪明。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">德韦克的实验重复了很多次。她发现，无论孩子有怎样的家庭背景，都受不了被夸奖聪明后遭受挫折的失败感。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">男孩女孩都一样，尤其是好成绩的女孩，遭受的打击程度最大。甚至学龄前儿童也一样，这样的表扬都会害了他们。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section style="margin: 20px 8px 10px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-color: rgb(111, 161, 81);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 25px;padding-left: 25px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(111, 161, 81);letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鼓励是指鼓劲而支持，表扬则是指对一件事或品行的显扬、宣扬。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鼓励通常是针对过程和态度的，＂爸爸看到你这学期的努力，为你骄傲！＂</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">表扬通常是针对结果和成效的，＂爸爸看到你成绩提高，为你高兴！＂</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">多鼓励，少表扬；多描述，少评价，可以避免孩子被表扬绑架，或输不起，未达目的而不择手段。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(111, 161, 81);min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: -7px;margin-bottom: -7px;max-width: 100%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;background-color: rgba(111, 161, 81, 0.11);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 8px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(111, 161, 81);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">04</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">美国的小学老师已经制定了一个专门的“话术表”，当遇到学生表现突出的时候，就用这１０句话来替换。对于中国的家长和老师，其实也是可以借鉴一下的。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">１、你很努力</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当孩子将他的劳动成果拿给你看的时候，除了要表示对成果的认可，也要表示对孩子的汗水的认可。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">２、尽管很难，但你始终没有放弃</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当孩子完成了一件对他而言非常艰难的事情时，家长一定要肯定孩子的坚韧心态和永不言弃的心。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 139, 27);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">３、你做事的态度非常不错</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有时候，失去了成功并不可怕，可怕的是失去了正确的态度，所以我们要鼓励孩子保持端正的态度。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(64, 118, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">４、你又进步了</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当孩子能力有所提升的时候，家长应该从具体的地方表扬孩子的进步，让孩子养成注重细节的习惯。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(64, 118, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">５、这个方法很有创意</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">很多家长觉得孩子的想法很胡闹，其实天马行空的思维才是孩子的优势，家长应当保护孩子的创新力而不是扼杀。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(64, 118, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">６、你和小伙伴的合作很到位</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">未来社会一定离不开的就是人与人之间的合作。合作其实也就是一种沟通能力的表现，赞赏合作能力，也是提升孩子未来竞争力的重要方式。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(64, 118, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">７、这件事情你很负责任</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果我们希望孩子成为一个领导者的话，就一定要从小刺激孩子的责任心和领导能力，让孩子体会到，领导一件事情的感觉有多么爽。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(64, 118, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">８、你帮同学完成任务，很棒！</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">助人为乐是中华民族的传统美德，帮助别人，其实也是让自己进步的一种方式。所以家长应该鼓励孩子帮助同学做力所能及的事情。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(64, 118, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">９、你很重视别人的意见，非常好</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当局者迷，旁观者清。有时候别人的意见对自己的决策会起到非常大的帮助，夸奖孩子重视别人的意见，其实也能帮助孩子拥有更宽广的胸怀。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(64, 118, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10、很高兴你做出这样的选择</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">能出色地完成一件事情，有时候是因为一个人的努力和细心，有时候是因为一个人做出了正确的决策，表扬策略，实质上就是表扬聪明，但效果很不同。</section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span></span></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-indent: 30px;background-color: rgb(255, 249, 242);text-align: justify;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="27153" style="white-space: 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