gongyi020 发表于 2021-4-29 13:57:17

我为什么一直关注贫困?李小云《贫困的终结》坦陈童年影响

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                  <section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.6px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">导语:</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">李小云教授的新书《贫困的终结》以通俗朴实的语言阐释了贫困的根源、消除贫困的困难以及脱贫为何要攻坚等社会关注的问题,从理论和国内外减贫实践的角度讨论了扶贫的意义,以及中国摆脱贫困的政治和制度优势。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在这本书的前言部分,李小云教授回顾了童年经历对他从业贫困研究的影响,他说:“</span>很长一段时间,我都不能摆脱心里那种莫名其妙的痛。站在漫天风沙里,围着我的那群村民,他们看着我的眼光,他们询问我和我家人情况时的情景,以及他们发出的无奈的感叹等,都一直影响着我。”</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">本书还展示了李小云教授自2015年开始在一个贫困的瑶族村庄展开扶贫实验的个人经历。从这些经历中,我们不但能感受到</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">中国消除农村绝对贫困的伟大成就,</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">也不时被李小云教授的悲悯情怀所感动,以至于在阅读过程中,我不时想到艾青的那句诗:</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">为什么我的眼里常含泪水?</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">因为我对这土地爱的深沉。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">注:本文为《贫困的终结》前言</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我大概是在20世纪90年代中期开始接触贫困问题的。</span><br></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">那个时候我对贫困问题并没有专门的研究,之前参与过一点农村小额信贷的工作。记得是现商务部国际经济技术交流中心找我参与考察他们在云南金平县和麻栗坡县的农村小额信贷扶贫项目,因为我那时开始做国际援华项目的工作。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">我曾经说自己是发展的“掮客”,就是帮助外国发展机构在华设计和实施它们的项目。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">当时能说外语的,和国际机构的人在一起工作的“地方专家”很少,我算是少数这样的“专家”。所以,我那个时候扶贫实践的做法基本都是抄外国人的,而且是盲目地抄。参与式扶贫和妇女贫困就是典型的一例。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">20世纪90年代北京郊区的山区是很贫困的。我记得和彼得一起在延庆考察项目时,遇到村里的两个小女孩,眼睛很大,大的那个看见我们还用英文问候我们,我很惊讶,后来村里说她们家里穷,孩子失学了。这是我那个时期第一次直接感受到贫困问题。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">差不多也是那个时候,有一次我给中央农业干部管理学院的培训班讲课,课间有一位身材魁梧的地方官员过来和我说话。他说:</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“小云,你不认识我了吗?我正好要找你。”</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">听他一说,我想起来了,这位领导就是我小时候大院里经常看见的一位年轻干部。我家住在宁夏银南地区行署干部家属院,我家前面是地区团委的办公室,这位领导姓杨,是当时的团地委书记。他在参加中央农业干部管理学院培训的时候已经是宁夏银南地区行署主管农业的副专员。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">他当天晚上就到我家里来,说要来看看我父亲,那时我父亲已经退休住在我家帮我带孩子。他请我到宁夏来,帮家乡做点工作。我当时同意回去看一看,后来在他的正式邀请下,我带着几位同事去了我曾经生活过的地方。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">宁夏盐池县既是我父亲曾长期工作的地方,我也在那里生活过两年。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在考察盐池县的同时,我给杨专员讲,能不能去隔壁属于陕西省的定边县看看?他与陕西省定边县的领导取得联系后,带着我去考察定边县。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">杨专员不知道,</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">我是在定边县出生的,在那里度过了至今我都怀念的童年时代。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">小时候那个地方春天的风沙一直要刮到5月份,眼睛都睁不开;即便住在县城里,矮小的土房进门就对着土炕,记得我是和姥姥住在一起,家里仅有一张桌子和几个小板凳。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">夏天的时候,姥姥会让我去我爷爷奶奶和叔叔生活的一个小山沟里。我爷爷奶奶是甘肃人,20世纪60年代甘肃发生饥荒的时候,爷爷奶奶领着叔叔从甘肃的村里逃出来投奔我父亲。那个时候,出来参加工作的人大多都会与家庭出身不好的亲人划清界限,我母亲讲她当时并不知道我父亲还有父母和弟妹。爷爷奶奶领着年幼的叔叔,一路乞讨,带着一封父亲写给他们的信,寻着上面的地址在一个寒冬腊月里找到了我姥姥家。就这样,我姥姥通过熟人,把他们安排到定边县红柳沟乡一个叫硬梁子的小山沟里。如果在今天,这可能算是“移民搬迁”。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span></span></span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">自从我七八岁的时候去过那个小山沟以后,已经有二十多年再也没有踏入那里。当地方领导陪着我进到那个村庄的时候,刚好是个大风天,我重新体验了睁不开眼睛的那种感觉。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">汽车停到几户门前,我下了车,马上看到了熟悉的村庄。又矮又破的土房,以及平地上的几个烟囱,那是住在沟里窑洞里人家的烟囱。我一个人走到沟下面,那下面就是我爷爷奶奶住过的窑洞,边上是我叔叔高中毕业后回到山沟准备结婚成家自己打的窑洞。窑洞早就没人住了。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我从沟里走上来,看到围过来的村民,地方领导和村民都不知道为什么一个北京来的教授居然熟悉这个村庄。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">我在那个村庄度过了三个暑假,到村民家吃饭,满嘴都是沙子的印象永生难忘。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">二十多年了,这个村庄还是那样的贫困。我记得我把我和同事带的现金都放在一起,交给一位村干部,他还记得我小时候来过这个地方,我说这是我一点心意,感谢你们照顾了我的爷爷奶奶;他们出身不好,从外地逃难而来,你们没有歧视他们,让他们在这里活了下来。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">著名扶贫专家李小云教授<br></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2020年8月,我与同事专门回到这个村。脱贫攻坚已经让这个贫困村发生了翻天覆地的变化。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">每一个人从事的职业,都会或多或少受到他经历的影响。我自己虽然没有遭遇过贫困生活的磨难,但是,在北京延庆和陕西定边县见到的贫困让我一直无法忘却。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">很长一段时间,我都不能摆脱心里那种莫名其妙的痛。站在漫天风沙里,围着我的那群村民,他们看着我的眼光,他们询问我和我家人情况时的情景,以及他们发出的无奈的感叹等,都一直影响着我。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我最近几年在河边村扶贫,总有同事和朋友,特别是媒体朋友问我为什么能够在一个村子里坚持扶贫这么久,很多报道都把我推在一个道德模范和政治觉悟高的位置上。其实,我既没有那样高的政治觉悟,也不是道德模范。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">我对贫困的关注始终与我家人的遭遇和我见过的那些穷人的境况直接相连。贫困为什么那样顽固地存在,一直都在我的脑子里盘旋。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">贫困的根源是什么?为什么有些国家富裕,有些国家却长期处于贫困?为什么有人能致富,而有的人却深陷贫困?所有这些问题,我到现在都没有得到答案。这当然主要是因为我做的实践多,真正做的研究少。卢梭给我们提供了自然人的差异如何演变为社会差异以及私有制如何导致这样的差异演变为不平等和贫困的理论思考。我在他的著作中捕捉到了贫困“元问题”的一些线索。马克思则进一步将不平等的现象放置在资本主义的制度层面,剖析了贫困的社会根源并提出了解决贫困的“元方案”。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">扶贫涉及很多复杂问题。当我们面对那种普遍的贫困或面对非洲等地区的贫困时,我们可能更多地感受到了比较视角的发展问题。我将这种贫困称为“欠发达”。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“欠发达”这个概念主要源于与所谓“发达”的对比。这就是我们现代发展研究关注的问题。这里贫困的概念是一个宏观的比较概念,我们需要指出的是,这种“发达”和“欠发达”的对比主要来源于批判发展主义视角下的欧洲中心主义的价值观,也就是说,其实处于“欠发达”状态的民族在他们自己的观念中并非处于贫困,但是,在“发达”群体的概念中,那些“欠发达”状态的群体则是处于贫困状态。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">这个视角下的扶贫,实际上主要是指按照现代化的道路,促进经济增长和经济社会转型的过程。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">这几年我们在国内扶贫的时候,我们讲深度性贫困地区是重中之重、难中之难,这也主要是与中国其他地区做对比形成的概念。所以很多社会文化主义的学者批评扶贫工作过于从外部的视角来看待这些地区的文化价值和生计问题。言下之意是,外部经济社会“发达”的群体总是用他们的价值来衡量这些所谓落后地区群体的价值。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">所以我在书中讲到贫困的元问题时,讲到了现代性。我的大概意思是,</span><strong><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">我们今天讲的贫困实际上是不同群体之间现代性断层的问题,</span></strong><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我讲这个观点本身并没有价值判断。与此同时,我们还会遇到另外一个视角的贫困问题,即使在一个县、一个乡甚至一个村,我们都会发现严重的贫富差距。也就是说,我们在这种情况下感受到的贫困,和我们说的一个国家处于“欠发达”状态的贫困是不一样的。这种类型的贫困与经济发展和社会转型直接相关,但是这种类型的贫困不大可能通过“发达”得到解决。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">所以,我在书中的不同场合都试图将不平等看作贫困的元问题。</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">无论如何看待贫困,把握贫困的本质属性都并非易事。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">我们能在很短的时间内消除农村绝对贫困,正是得益于以习近平同志为核心的党中央对中国贫困的科学认识和精准扶贫的方略,得益于伟大的脱贫攻坚精神,得益于中国共产党的领导和社会主义制度的政治优势。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">理解和认识贫困是一方面,缓解和消除贫困则是另一方面。从基本生活的绝对含义上讲,贫困是可以消除的,如一个人吃不饱饭、无衣可穿、无家可住,这种贫困状态是可以通过我们的努力得以解决的。而且,</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">从道义上讲,我们也有义务解决这个问题。这一义务不仅限于我们的国家,这也是一个全球性义务,这就是扶贫的正当性。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在过去几年中,我在很多地方做了一些报告,也在报纸和各种媒体上写过一些关于贫困和扶贫的评论文章,其中很大一部分是应官方媒体邀请写的有关扶贫政策的说明。我利用新冠疫情这段时间把散落在不同地方的这些短文和评论稍做整理,集成这个小册子,以“贫困的终结”为名。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">需要强调的是,这不是一本学术著作,也不是一本思想性著作,由于书中的大部分内容都是随想和随笔,因此很多内容本身的逻辑性都不强,而且不同章节之间在很多观点方面都有重复,但考虑到这都是我在当时的一些想法,所以我没有做太大的改动。任何政治性和逻辑性的不妥之处,均由我个人负责。</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span></section><section style="font-size: medium;font-family: DengXian;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.800000011920929px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我在此感谢我的学生林晓莉、季岚岚和徐进帮我做了初步的整理工作。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">-END-</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section></section></section></section>
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