发展学校社会工作,有哪些值得我们借鉴的经验?
<div style="max-width:677px !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-id="102278" data-tools="135编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 35px;line-height: 0;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/b59e1addeb89a3adcacb4321210799e1.png</span></section></section><section style="padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(79, 119, 218);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="padding: 1em;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(1, 66, 194);background: rgb(243, 250, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新修订的未成年人保护法和预防未成年人犯罪法将于2021年6月1日起施行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“两法”赋予社会工作者参与未成年人保护的重要职责,而学校是未成年人保护的重要场域。</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 17px;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(243, 250, 255);">昨日,教育部发布《未成年人学校保护规定(征求意见稿)》,其中提及学校应当通过“</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 17px;">购买专业</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 17px;">社工服务</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 17px;">”</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 17px;">为学生提供心理健康指导和服务。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实际上,截至目前全国学校社会工作仍呈零星散发状态,并没有得到制度化和规模化的发展。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">那么,发展学校社会工作,其难点和症结在哪里?境外又有哪些经验值得借鉴?本期圆桌我们继续探讨学校社会工作发展的若干问题。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 15px;max-width: 100%;display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -15px;padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;background: rgb(243, 250, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/467afcd380a1a34f66c4ff2f8d533ffc.png</span></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="93743" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 6em;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/f832c2bd4b05c0f4d4aeb79435c4a0ee.gif</span></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99644" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: flex;align-items: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: -5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(11, 121, 255);border-radius: 100%;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 200px;height: 1px;background: rgb(11, 121, 255);overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(11, 121, 255);letter-spacing: 1.5px;word-break: break-all;background: rgb(237, 245, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">圆桌主持人:</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本刊记者 许娓</span></p></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="margin-top: 8px;padding: 20px 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;color: rgb(11, 121, 255);word-break: break-all;background: rgb(237, 245, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">圆桌嘉宾:</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">王思斌</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 北京大学社会学系教授,博士生导师,中国社会工作学会会长,中国社会工作教育协会名誉会长</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">罗观翠</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 广东省社会工作师联合会专业高级顾问,启创社会工作服务中心总监</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">彭振</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 中国青年政治学院教师,中国社会工作学会学校与家庭专委会副主任</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">左家友</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 四川省广元市利州区教育局局长</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">任海卫</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 深圳社联社工服务中心学校社工督导</span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 200px;height: 1px;background: rgb(11, 121, 255);overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-left: -5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(11, 121, 255);border-radius: 100%;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="101849"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: flex;margin-bottom: -15px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 32px;height: 32px;font-size: 16px;padding-right: 1em;padding-left: 1em;background-color: rgb(84, 108, 232);letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">主持人</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 0px;height: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);border-right: 12px solid transparent;border-top: 31px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);flex-shrink: 0;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding: 30px 15px 10px;background-color: rgb(247, 248, 255);margin-left: 6px;flex-shrink: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">境外学校社会工作发展有哪些值得我们借鉴的经验?</span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;" hm_fix="244:718"><span style="font-size: 18px;">罗观翠:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: justify;"></span><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">早在20世纪70年代末,我国香港地区已开始学校社会工作服务,其他模式的青少年服务也不断发展。但是,</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">不同的模式各自为政,服务零散、重复,缺乏弹性。1994年政府经过全面检讨后,决定将以前的独立模式进行资源整合,成立综合青少年服务中心,采用多元化模式及手法,提供辅导支援、社会教育及发展潜能等服务,学校社工因此成为综合服务的一部分。综合服务中心继续派遣驻校社工,然而服务运作比以前畅顺得多了。</span></span></p><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">近些年,青少年精神健康、未成年人保护等问题日益严峻和复杂,政府除了增加驻校社工人手之外,在医疗服务方面,医院管理局也实行了“医- 教- 社”计划,定时派遣精神科护士到学校,与社工和老师交流资讯,跟进有关精神康复个案。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">所以,</span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>香港模式有两个重点:一是采用综合的介入方法;二是鼓励跨专业和跨部门的合作。</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">直接服务是由社会组织经营,政府提供资金,社会组织属于体制外,但受体制内政府的政策和资源规范,彼此的职能和工作关系,都有清晰的界定和持续性。</span></section><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section hm_fix="306:741"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">彭振:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">我国澳门地区学校社会工作服务被称为学生辅导服务,偏向于传统临床模式,由政府部门教育暨青年局(以下简称教青局)通过资助民间辅导机构,安排学生辅导员(指社工、教育者、心理辅导等专业人士,</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">其中以社工为主)驻校,并配合学校特性和需要,为学生、家长及教师提供与辅导相关的专业支持和协助。服务对象包括学生、家长及教师,服务内容主要包括个案辅导、小组辅导、咨询服务、转介服务、数据提供服务、预防及发展性活动(如生涯规划、性教育、新生适应等主题的讲座或工作坊)、评估服务、社区教育活动等。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">教青局有专门的社工部及时与社工沟通合作和协调。据教青局统计数据显示,截至2020年9月,澳门有273名学生辅导员,服务于118个校部(78所学校)约80000名学生,社工与学生的实际配比约为1:300。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">可以借鉴的澳门经验有:一是发挥政府力量引导作用,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">自上而下和自下而上相结合,推进学校社会工作由点及面,试验推广,逐步全面铺开。</span><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">政府在政策、法律、经费等方面提供支持。</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">二是介入的突破口,可以从嵌入中小学生德育体系的角度,完善学生辅导服务体系引入社工,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">扮演“学生辅导员”的角色。</span><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">其中对于缺少心理健康教师的学校,社工可以“借基生势”,填补心理健康教育和服务的空缺。</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">三是以社工机构外派驻校社工为主,体制内聘任为辅,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">多种方式并存来推进,明确社工角色定位、编制以及工作重点。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">美国</span></strong><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">学校社会工作在法律、政策、机构、人员安排、资源协调方面都形成了一套完备的体系。它主要由四部分组成:</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">一是政府机构, 负责提供政策、法律和经费等支持;二是社会服务机构,负责具体工作的开展,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"> 如资源的协调、社工的分配、指导和监督、与学校协商等;</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">三是社工教育与学术界,负责培养未来的社工并进行理论研究;四是基础教育合作体系,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">基础教育部门有相应的机构设置,可以及时、多渠道地与社工合作。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">美国还建立了规范而多层次的认证体系, 各级社工机构对学校社会工作提出了详细的从业标准。各州也有不同的学校社会工作规范制度。比如许多州的社会工作从业基本要求是社会工作专业硕士,只有少数几个州允许社会工作学士从业。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88843"><section style="text-align:center;margin:10px auto;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;width:210px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/e113c4a3f31832406686e4c8f438f4b6.png</span></section></section></section><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="101849"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: flex;margin-bottom: -15px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 32px;height: 32px;font-size: 16px;padding-right: 1em;padding-left: 1em;background-color: rgb(84, 108, 232);letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">主持人</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 0px;height: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);border-right: 12px solid transparent;border-top: 31px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);flex-shrink: 0;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding: 30px 15px 10px;background-color: rgb(247, 248, 255);margin-left: 6px;flex-shrink: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">目前各学校普遍设置心理咨询师岗位,尤其是大学更为普遍。中小学大多为心理老师兼职,或者外聘心理咨询师定期到校服务。如果要拓展学校社会工作,社会工作者应该如何配备?如何与原有的心理工作人员形成整合的力量?</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section hm_fix="283:971"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">王思斌:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">政府比较重视心理健康服务是正确的,在学校设心理老师、心理咨询师岗位也是必要的。但是,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">社会工作与心理咨询关注的问题并不完全相同,或者说,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">社会工作关注的问题更广泛,在学校的活动更多样、全面,所以在学校发展社会工作是必要的。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">我认为,</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">发展学校社会工作的最好办法是设置社会工作岗位。</span></strong><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">这里要排除一个模糊认识,即认为发展学校社会工作就是要增加编制。如果根据教育事业发展的需要,学校能增编设社会工作岗位,当然很好。但是在当前情况下,靠增编来发展学校社会工作,可能存在重大困难。怎么办?一种办法是政府购买专业机构的社会工作服务;另一种办法是心理咨询师、德育副校长、班主任、辅导员兼任社会工作者,这些岗位的人员全员接受社会工作训练,将多种面对学生、师生关系的工作结合起来,效果可能更好。四川省广元市利州区多年来的实践证明了这一点。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section hm_fix="268:965"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><p><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/0056bab4add72d52bbaff92644857bdc.jpeg</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;">▲广元社工带领学生开展“生命教育”小组活动</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br></p><section data-brushtype="text" style="padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">彭振:</span></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -10px;width: 98.0019px;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);overflow: hidden;"><br style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;"></section><section style="line-height: normal;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><br></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">社会工作者和心理专业人员要组成跨专业合作的学生服务团队。发挥各自的专业优势,</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">社会工作服务更具有系统性,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">社工会评估和介入学生的个人系统(身体和心理健康)、家庭系统、社会系统、环境系统等;</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">同时社工的服务方法方式也较为多元,社工服务在整合校外资源方面也更具有优势,可以回应学生的问题较为全面。而</span></span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">心理服务更专注于回应学生的心理问题和需求,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">服务的专业性和深度也更高。两者之间需要较好的配合,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">明确工作重点和分工。</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">任海卫:</span></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;" hm_fix="326:695"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">深圳目前是按“一校一社工“的原则进行学校社工配备,也有少数学校是一校多社工,如工读学校、特殊教育学校、学生规模较大的部分学校。社会工作者作为专业服务资源或力量,除了按照以上基本原则,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">还需考虑服务需求的差异性,服务资源的均衡性,可以优先针对需求迫切、其他专业资源相对缺乏的学校开展服务。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">在最初学校社工入驻学校时,会强调</span><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">社工与心理工作人员</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">如心理老师的“差异性”,以体现社工专业的不同或“独特性”,但通过长期的服务交集和深度合作,我们逐渐发现</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">没必要寻求差异,反而应通过利用“差异” 发挥最大合力。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">首先在角色上“求同”,两者均是为学生服务的专业人员;其次在工作方式上,不应是“划清界限,各司其职”,而是结合各自专业或个人优势,合理分工,相互配合,形成便于服务学生的稳固合作机制。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section hm_fix="263:967"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/a34bf803b633c14f1ba6f84619538e2e.jpeg</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">▲启创学校社工开展生涯规划班会</span></p><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span><br></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">左家友:</span></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -10px;width: 98.0019px;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);overflow: hidden;"><br style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;"></section><section style="line-height: normal;"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">自2011 年希望社会工作服务中心成立以后,广元就认识到社会工作的优势,非常重视以社会工作者为主的心理健康教育力量。对原有的心理健康教育人员进行明确分工,各司其职,形成合力。班主任,做好教学任务,关注学生在校表现,包括成绩、纪律、人际、住宿等综合方面。心理老师,主要给学生上心理课程,做好预防性工作,同时开放心理辅导室,为有咨询需求的学生做辅导。而驻校社工,则是通过个案、小组等手法,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">提供预防性、发展性、治疗性的服务。</span></span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">驻校社工、心理老师、班主任间的跨专业合作,形成优质教育合力,共促学生成长。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">下图就是一个合作模式的呈现。 </span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/b79d9d5f9696df6f83f84092ab7df01a.jpeg</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: justify;"> </span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88843"><section style="text-align:center;margin:10px auto;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;width:210px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/e113c4a3f31832406686e4c8f438f4b6.png</span></section></section></section><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="101849"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: flex;margin-bottom: -15px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 32px;height: 32px;font-size: 16px;padding-right: 1em;padding-left: 1em;background-color: rgb(84, 108, 232);letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">主持人</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 0px;height: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);border-right: 12px solid transparent;border-top: 31px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);flex-shrink: 0;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding: 30px 15px 10px;background-color: rgb(247, 248, 255);margin-left: 6px;flex-shrink: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">学校社会工作岗位应该如何科学设置?服务站点又该如何设置和运营?</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">彭振:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;" hm_fix="286:803"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">建议按照学生的人数来配备社会工作岗位,</span> <span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">建议每所学校至少配备一名专职或兼职社工,并逐步提高专职人员配比。</span></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">可参考澳门,最初约按学生、社工比500:1来配备,学生数超过500人,不足1000人的学校,配1名社工,500名学生以下的学校,配0.5名社工(1名社工服务2所学校)。学生数较少的学校,可以几所学校配备1名社工。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">学生人数较多的学校可设置社工服务站,人数较少的可以设置社工服务点。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">建议每个学校都设置社工服务站点,并由政府教育部门每年固定经费财政预算,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">向社会组织购买学校社会工作服务,主要是保证驻校社工的工资和基本服务经费。同时,民政、工青妇等政府、群团组织也要定向发放或委托购买学校社工专项服务,合力做好学生的健康成长和发展服务工作。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">运行方面,可以整合区域性资源,形成地区性的学校社会工作发展支持中心,</span></strong><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">对服务进行统一的规划、培训、督导和第三方评估。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section hm_fix="284:788"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">任海卫:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">深圳市学校社工较多是和心理老师一起办公或以专业团队形式开展相关工作,也有少数安排在团委、宿管办等部门或有自己单独的办公室,</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">因此心理咨询室等办公点也即社工提供服务的主要“站点”。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">这些不同“服务站点”的共性都是“嵌入”学校体系,</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">融合到学校不同部门管理和工作中。差异性则是社工服务有不同侧重,如“站点”可能设置在少先大队部、心理健康中心、德育处、后勤、宿管办等不同部门,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">同是学生服务但职能却有差异,因此会有协助学生良好行为习惯养成、做好学生心理健康服务、协助解决学生住宿矛盾、负责行为问题学生跟进等不同重点。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">2020年《深圳市关于提升社会工作服务水平的若干措施》执行后,采用“谁使用谁购买”的原则进行服务采购,更多的教育局及学校成为服务购买方和使用方。转变过程中,学校在定义社工与学校归属关系以及工作要求上会有一些变化,会更强调学校社工是学校系统人员,考核中增加了学校角色,明确提出希望社工服务与学校工作尤其是心理工作有更紧密的结合和配合。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">对于与学校原有职能部门相融形成的社工服务站点运营时,要做到:</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">一是“双向管理”的有效配合,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"> <span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">学校与派驻机构要有共识目标和要求,明确管理分工;</span></span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">二是服务实施方面,学校方明确需求,机构需督导社工做好需求回应和服务精细化设计</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">——把好专业关;</span><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">三是服务资源保障方面,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">合同中明确的资金和资源有限,需学校和机构共同支持和社工更广范围的整合;</span><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">四是社工需主动“融入”,</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">促使学校感受到社工这“一分子”所发挥的作用与学校整体目标一致,同时社工也需带着专业使命保持一定的“独立”性。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88843"><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">▲社联社工开展生命教育历奇体验活动</span></p><section style="text-align:center;margin:10px auto;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;width:210px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/08/e113c4a3f31832406686e4c8f438f4b6.png</span></section></section></section><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="101849"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: flex;margin-bottom: -15px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 32px;height: 32px;font-size: 16px;padding-right: 1em;padding-left: 1em;background-color: rgb(84, 108, 232);letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">主持人</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 0px;height: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);border-right: 12px solid transparent;border-top: 31px solid rgb(84, 108, 232);flex-shrink: 0;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding: 30px 15px 10px;background-color: rgb(247, 248, 255);margin-left: 6px;flex-shrink: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">新</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">“</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">两法</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">”</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">赋予社会工作者参与未成年人保护的重要责任,而学校是未成年人保护的重要场域。不久前,地方</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">“</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">两会</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">”</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">上也有代表委员不断发出</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">“</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">要大力发展学校社会工作</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">” </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">的呼吁。请问,目前要发展学校社会工作,最大的难题和症结在哪里?</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">王思斌:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">新“两法”的颁布为发展学校社会工作开启了一个窗口,问题是教育行政部门、学校领导是否认为需要引入社会工作或设置社会工作岗位。</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></span></strong></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">中国有句老话:“老大难,老大难,老大重视就不难。”这句话也适用于发展学校社会工作。现在学校的工作很重:升学问题、学生安全和校园稳定问题,等等。但是,全人教育和全方位的未成年人保护要求我们必须做更多工作。法治副校长解决不了非犯罪团伙带来的对某些学生的歧视问题,心理咨询师不太会去关心学生父母失业及其对学生的影响,思想政治教育对后进学生、边缘青少年有多大影响也值得分析。甚至资金也不是问题,要把其中一部分钱用到促进青少年保护和促进困境、边缘青少年健康成长上来,效果肯定更好。</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">重视未成年人的社会性成长,发展学校社会工作十分重要。</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">左家友:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;" hm_fix="352:697"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">最大的难题,</span><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">一是社会工作的认知度与接受度不够。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">虽然社会工作在广元本地已经开展了近10 年,但还是有很大一部分人不知道社工是什么,也不知道社工能干什么。在学校由于学生及驻校社工的流动,</span> <span style="line-height: 150%;">师生不能清楚地了解社工,学生会更倾向于把社工当成心理老师,学校的老师们也仅仅简单地把社工归到心理老师范畴。不可否认,社工能够一定程度上的承担心理老师的职责,但不仅限于此。</span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">二是社工人才的招募存在很大困难,</span></strong><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">像广元这样的小城市尤为突出。目前广元的驻校服务以“专职社工+ 实习社工”的模式为主,高校实习社工的招募情况同样不容乐观。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">三是社会工作服务是一个较长的过程,服务效果难以量化。</span></strong><span style="line-height: 150%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">学校社会工作的服务对象主要是学生,更多地开展预防性和成长性服务,服务效果难以把握,评估体系难以建立,所以导致工作成果不能及时体现。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100779"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: left;"><section hm_fix="314:688"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(28, 113, 190);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">彭振:</span></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 100%;height: 15px;background: rgb(246, 249, 253);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;margin-top: 1.5em;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;height: 100px;width: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="flex: 1;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 80%;height: 1px;background: rgb(28, 113, 190);overflow: hidden;" data-width="80%"><br></section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(28, 113, 190);padding: 1em;border-top: none;border-left: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#1c71be;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">最大的难题要获得教育主管部门的重视和支持。如何破解?一方面,社工要通过实践行动和充分的证据,来证明社工服务的重要性和有效性,同时要加大宣传和推介力度,让教育主管部门了解社会工作。</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">另一方面,教育主管部门要鼓励和支持一些实验服务,</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;line-height: 150%;">主动了解和支持发展学校社会工作。</span></span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-top: -10px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: left; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 32px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源:《中国社会工作<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;text-indent: 32px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">》2021年4月上刊</span>,转载请注明来源</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: left; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86032" style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">END</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: -12px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(33, 33, 34);width: 100%;border-right-color: rgb(33, 33, 34);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 34);border-left-color: rgb(33, 33, 34);height: 1px;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="text-align: left; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#000000" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">来源:中国社会工作(china_socialwork)</span></font></p></section></section>
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