蓝皮书报告 | 《贫困农村地区留守儿童心理健康状况调查报告》：不同年龄、不同年级...
<div style="max-width:677px !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 2em;">过去30多年以来，我国农村劳动力一直在向城市迁移。2019年我国农民工总量达到29077万人，伴随而来的是农村地区数量庞大的留守儿童群体。</span><br></strong></span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">这些留守儿童的心理健康状况到底如何？留守儿童的心理健康状况比非留守儿童差吗？哪个年龄阶段的留守儿童心理健康问题更多？</span></strong></span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">《贫困农村地区留守儿童心理健康状况调查报告》通过对我国12个省27个县的20321名农村儿童情绪行为问题的评估，一一为你揭晓答案。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;text-align: center;"></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br></span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">评估指标</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">包括情绪症状、品行问题、注意多动和同伴交往问题。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/bbdf9501297d10bb7163be7671a571f5.png</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">调查对象年龄段</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">有3-6周岁、小学一年级、小学四年级和初中一年级，各年龄段平均占总样本的1/4。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/cecaf0ab33c9658e19096604c30121e8.png</span></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100788"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 7px;height: 7px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);overflow: hidden;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-self: flex-start;margin-top: -7px;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:1px;background:#65a0d4;flex-shrink: 0;margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 3px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;height: 0px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="height: 1px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-left: -4px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;height: 4px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-right: 4px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-bottom: 4px;background: #1870be;"><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1.5em 8px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;" hm_fix="313:425"><strong>农村儿童情绪行为问题总体检出率</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section style="height:1px;background: #84afd8;overflow: hidden;margin-right: 4px;margin-top: -4px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">总的来说，在各年龄段儿童中，初中一年级儿童的情绪行为问题最多，有11.3%的儿童有显著的情绪行为问题。</span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">只有小学四年级儿童有明显的性别差异，男生的情绪行为问题比女生更严重。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/608056265145fb20a9daef70249d5e81.png</span></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100788"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 7px;height: 7px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);overflow: hidden;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-self: flex-start;margin-top: -7px;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:1px;background:#65a0d4;flex-shrink: 0;margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 3px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;height: 0px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="height: 1px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-left: -4px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;height: 4px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-right: 4px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-bottom: 4px;background: #1870be;"><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1.5em 8px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;" hm_fix="313:425"><strong>不同留守状态下儿童情绪行为问题总体检出率</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section style="height:1px;background: #84afd8;overflow: hidden;margin-right: 4px;margin-top: -4px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">除小学一年级外，双亲留守儿童和非留守儿童的情绪行为问题有显著差异。总的来说，非留守儿童的心理健康最好，双亲留守儿童的心理健康状况最差（3-6岁儿童除外）。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/194667c6bbede2f0f66c666e95746110.png</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89202"><section style="margin:10px auto;display:inline-block;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:18px;height:40px;line-height:40px;border-bottom:solid 2px #1e1c1c;" data-width="100%"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">3-6岁儿童情绪行为问题检出率</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;margin-top: 1px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(30, 28, 28);height: 1px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">对3-6岁儿童而言，除同伴交往问题外，非留守儿童的情绪行为问题最少；单亲留守儿童的情绪行为问题最多。</span><br></section><section style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/e4735fbff61266ee0eccd5e1f9fe556d.png</span></section><p><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89202"><section style="margin:10px auto;display:inline-block;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:18px;height:40px;line-height:40px;border-bottom:solid 2px #1e1c1c;" data-width="100%"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">小学一年级儿童情绪行为问题检出率</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;margin-top: 1px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(30, 28, 28);height: 1px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">对小学一年级儿童而言，双亲留守儿童的情绪症状最多，非留守儿童的情绪症状最少。留守儿童与非留守儿童在品行问题、注意多动和同伴交往上无显著差异。</span><br></section><section style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/e5c563e710f3e48b8788ad1a1aef2bbe.png</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><br><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89202"><section style="margin:10px auto;display:inline-block;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:18px;height:40px;line-height:40px;border-bottom:solid 2px #1e1c1c;" data-width="100%"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong>小学四年级儿童情绪行为问题检出率</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;margin-top: 1px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(30, 28, 28);height: 1px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">对小学四年级儿童而言，双亲留守儿童的情绪症状最多，非留守儿童的情绪症状最少。留守儿童与非留守儿童在品行问题、注意多动和同伴交往上无显著差异。</span><br></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/ff698dc56152fc2155749df65eb127ea.png</span></p><p><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89202"><section style="margin:10px auto;display:inline-block;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:18px;height:40px;line-height:40px;border-bottom:solid 2px #1e1c1c;" data-width="100%"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">初中一年级儿童情绪行为问题检出率</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;margin-top: 1px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(30, 28, 28);height: 1px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">对初中一年级儿童而言，留守儿童和非留守儿童的情绪行为问题检出率无显著差异。</span><br></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/26/909a51a8e04b4f930f70f2c21277d91e.png</span></p><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 0em;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br></section><p><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100788"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 7px;height: 7px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);overflow: hidden;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-self: flex-start;margin-top: -7px;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:1px;background:#65a0d4;flex-shrink: 0;margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 3px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;height: 0px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="height: 1px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-left: -4px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;height: 4px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-right: 4px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-bottom: 4px;background: #1870be;"><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1.5em 8px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;" hm_fix="313:425"><strong>影响因素</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section style="height:1px;background: #84afd8;overflow: hidden;margin-right: 4px;margin-top: -4px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">影响不同年龄段儿童出现情绪行为问题的因素各不相同。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">① </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>家庭人均年收入较低</strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">是造成3-6岁儿童出现情绪行为问题（总体检出率）的风险因素。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">② </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>家庭人均年收入较低和同住的兄弟姐妹数量较少</strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">是造成小学一年级儿童出现情绪行为问题的风险因素。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">③ 在小学四年级儿童中，与女孩相比，</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>男孩更容易出现情绪行为问题</strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">。此外，</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>双亲留守儿童</strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">也更容易出现情绪行为问题。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">④ </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>双亲留守</strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">也是造成初中一年级儿童出现情绪行为问题的风险因素。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br></span></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100788"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 7px;height: 7px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);overflow: hidden;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-self: flex-start;margin-top: -7px;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:1px;background:#65a0d4;flex-shrink: 0;margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 3px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;height: 0px;overflow: hidden;"><section style="height: 1px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: 1px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-left: -4px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 1px;height: 4px;background: rgb(24, 112, 190);margin-right: 4px;overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-bottom: 4px;background: #1870be;"><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1.5em 8px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;" hm_fix="313:425"><strong>建议</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section style="height:1px;background: #84afd8;overflow: hidden;margin-right: 4px;margin-top: -4px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><br></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 34px;">① </span>从政府层面，将留守儿童工作纳入当地的社会发展规划。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 34px;">② </span>从专业机构和社会组织层面，形成专业服务能力，包括评估工具与系统、干预设备、网络与技术服务平台等。目前国内亟待建立完备的专业服务体系来支持留守儿童。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 34px;">③ </span>从学校层面，可以在校园内建立儿童心理健康档案，具备初步评估能力的心理专职老师开展随访，并与班主任、任课老师都保持沟通，了解每位学生的心理状态。针对中高风险留守儿童，心理专职老师可以开展心理危机干预工作。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 34px;">④</span> 从家长层面，由务工人员所在单位和社区与留守儿童所在学校和社区合作，加强对外出父母教育理念的引导，以提高其关爱子女的意识。为留守儿童父母建立家校联系机制，随时了解孩子的发育状况。</span></section><br>来源：中科院心理所xls153111</section>
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