顾东辉专栏丨博采众长与自我增能:社会工作中国发展的伦理建设
<div style="max-width:677px !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><p style="text-align:justify;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-id="101404" data-tools="135编辑器"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-bottom:-6px;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 5%;height: 1px;background: rgb(203, 234, 236);overflow: hidden;" data-width="5%"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 40px;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/24/ab0c2e1747eb138ea1791b0ac785433a.png</span></section><section style="flex: 1 1 0%;height: 1px;background: rgb(203, 234, 236);overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(203, 234, 236);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(203, 234, 236);border-left: 1px solid rgb(203, 234, 236);padding: 1.7em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 144, 164);line-height: 1.75em;border-top: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">社会工作属于“当时当地”的利他系统,伦理建设与技术发展都应该呼应其在地场境。笔者在本专栏前两篇文章中指出,中国特色社会工作必须把握当代中国在世界历史坐标系中的现实区位。当代中国在纵向维度上居于“传统- 现代、农业-工业、计划- 市场”的三重转型之中,在横向维度上处于“关键- 核心”的区位变动之间,在内外维度上位于“外展- 内修”的模式转变之际,从而可以视为一个独特社群。</span></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92111"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;text-align:center;" data-width="100%"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/24/678582b47871b7d02ea004baef6414df.gif</span></section></section><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">基于此,社会工作中国发展之伦理建设应该不忘本来,吸收外来。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong>一是必须内化当代中国的主流价值。</strong>要学深悟透由马克思主义指导思想、中国特色社会主义共同理想、以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神、社会主义荣辱观组成的社会主义核心价值体系,把富强、民主、文明、和谐的国家价值目标,自由、平等、公正、法治的社会价值取向, 爱国、敬业、诚信、友善的个人价值准则作为发展指引。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong>二是应该汲取传统文化的积极理念。</strong>家国天下、仁义、兼爱、众生平等等文化理念,“老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼”等助人观点,以工代赈、行善积德等利他行动,兼容并蓄的共生法则,雪中送炭、止于至善的实践智慧,对于社会工作今日发展都有启迪。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong>三是可以借鉴外来思想的有益养分。</strong>人文主义、理性主义、尊重个性、参与、社会有对弱者的责任等理念,慈善公益个别化行动、孤儿院组织化帮助、社会福利政策化协助等利他实践,助人自助、案主为首等服务理念, 福利多元等政府意识,也值得中国特色社会工作参鉴。因此,不忘初心,博采众长,是社会工作走向未来的基础。</span></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92111"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;text-align:center;" data-width="100%"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/24/678582b47871b7d02ea004baef6414df.gif</span></section></section><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">社工人的伦理建设是社会工作伦理建设的基础。在“人在场境”中,“社工人- 服务对象”是核心,并面对服务组织、专业、社会等三个由微至著展开的系统。因此, 社工人应该进行至少以下五方面的伦理建设。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">一是自身增能。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">要认同人的权利、尊严、潜能、特性和价值, 弘扬自助互助精神并倡导社会提供公平的机会、实物和服务,接纳他人、助人自助和促境美好,要熟练运用社会工作本体知识,良好把握社会工作基础知识、特定主题相关信息和此时此地宏观形势,要动态提高个人能力、团队素养和工作实力。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">二是对象为首。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">只开展符合自己能力的专业工作,恪守对工作对象的服务承诺,维护其合法权益,尊重其过程权利,保密其相关信息,在提供市场化服务时收费合理。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">三是遵守机构制度。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">要认同机构使命,按照机构的规定开展工作,恪守职业承诺, 助力机构发展。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong>四是践行专业使命。</strong>要执行专业的要求, 维护专业的形象,推进专业的进步。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">五是力促社会幸福。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">要参与公共事务,承担对社会全体的责任,促进公平正义,助力人类命运共同体建设。在上述五方面伦理出现两难时,要根据职业原则作出合理选择。可见, 社工人要兼顾多重身份,不但体现积极的社会公德、家庭美德和个人品德,而且践行良好的职业道德。</span></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92111"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;text-align:center;" data-width="100%"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/24/678582b47871b7d02ea004baef6414df.gif</span></section></section><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">社会工作行业的伦理建设是社会工作伦理建设的组成部分。对此,笔者在《专业及其超越:当代中国的助人利他行为分析》一文中已有所说明。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong>其一,要</strong><strong>自我成长。</strong>应该认清民众期望问题解决的工具理性,实现助人利他行为的专业提升。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">其二,要美美与共。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">社会场域的助人利他行为不但要共生互动,而且要与私人场域的非正式支持、国家场域的群团工作和思政工作、市场场域的企业利他行动互尊互鉴,并互补利他。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">其三,要倡导自助。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">自助比他助更重要和更积极,必须大力倡导。我们既要尊重专业逻辑,激发“受助- 自助- 助人” 的递进助人行为;又要体现常态逻辑,践行“民众自助为首- 普通帮助为辅- 专业协助托底”的自助先导行动。</span></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92111"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;text-align:center;" data-width="100%"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/24/678582b47871b7d02ea004baef6414df.gif</span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">总之,社会工作的伦理建设应该内化当代中国主流价值,汲取异地他时文化的有益养分,并在与他者的伙伴式互动中进行个人增能和行业建设,从而对社会治理作出积极贡献。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/24/678582b47871b7d02ea004baef6414df.gif</span></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;letter-spacing: 1px;">(此专栏系列乃2019年度国家社会科学重大项目“中国特色社会工作制度体系研究”的成果,项目批准号19ZDA144。作者系复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院社会工作学系教授/博士生导师;中国社会工作教育协会副会长,中国社会工作学会副会长)</span><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"></span></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;margin-top: -25px;margin-right: 10px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202103/24/53fecf1e70a731cb9f7d565a806fe153.png</span></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 32px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源:《</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 32px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">中国社会工作</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 32px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">》2021年3月上刊</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 32px;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">,转载请注明来源</span></p><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86032" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">END</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: -12px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(33, 33, 34);width: 100%;border-right-color: rgb(33, 33, 34);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 34);border-left-color: rgb(33, 33, 34);height: 1px;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:center;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;">责编:</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;">夏学娟</span></p><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">制作:谢霄</span><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></section><p style="text-align:left;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-role="paragraph" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="paragraph" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90215" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-width="100%" hm_fix="256:391" style="box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(114, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 2px;font-weight: bold;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section data-id="89580" data-tools="135编辑器" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;border-color: initial;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><section style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;text-align: center;width: 100%;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline-block;"><section style="margin-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;float: left;text-align: left;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 12px;">来源微信公众号:中国社会工作(china_socialwork)</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 12px;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br></p></section></section><p><br></p>
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